Pengaruh Perlakuan Alkali terhadap Kekuatan Impact Komposit Woven Serat Rami–Polyester sebagai Material Alternatif Panel Interior Otomotif dengan metode Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v4i6.13159Keywords:
serat rami, perlakuan alkali, kekuatan impact, VARTM, komposit polyesterAbstract
Serat rami berpotensi menjadi penguat komposit untuk komponen interior otomotif, tetapi sifatnya yang hidrofilik menyebabkan adhesi yang lemah dengan matriks polyester yang hidrofobik. Perlakuan alkali NaOH digunakan untuk memperbaiki adhesi tersebut, namun pengaruh durasi perendaman pada komposit rami anyam–polyester berbasis VARTM belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh durasi perlakuan alkali NaOH 5% (0, 1, 2, dan 3 jam) terhadap kekuatan impact komposit woven serat rami–polyester yang difabrikasi dengan metode VARTM, menentukan durasi terbaik, mengevaluasi potensi kelayakan komposit sebagai material trim pillar B terhadap nilai acuan polipropilena (PP) pada literatur, serta mengidentifikasi kecenderungan penyerapan airnya. Kekuatan impact diuji dengan metode Izod tanpa takik mengacu pada ASTM D256 pada lima spesimen untuk setiap variasi dan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD, sedangkan penyerapan air diuji mengacu pada ASTM D570 dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa durasi perendaman berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekuatan impact (F = 106,870; p < 0,001) dan seluruh pasangan durasi berbeda signifikan. Kekuatan impact meningkat dari 6,514 kJ/m² pada kontrol menjadi 8,477 kJ/m² pada durasi 3 jam (naik 30,1%), sedangkan penyerapan air turun dari 4,68% menjadi 1,44%. Namun, penyerapan air pada durasi 3 jam masih sekitar 144 kali nilai acuan PP, dan kekuatan impact-nya hanya berada pada kisaran PP homopolimer serta mencapai sekitar 13–22% dari PP kopolimer, sehingga komposit belum dapat dinyatakan layak sebagai material trim pillar B. Setiap variasi berasal dari satu panel, sehingga pengaruh durasi tidak sepenuhnya terpisah dari variasi antarpanel. Prototype trim pillar B dibuat dengan durasi terbaik sebagai visualisasi penerapan.
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