Manajemen Rantai Pasok Program Makan Bergizi Gratis dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Nasional: Studi Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v4i4.9353Keywords:
manajemen rantai pasok, Makan Bergizi Gratis, ketahanan pangan, pengadaan pangan publik, pangan lokalAbstract
Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) umumnya diposisikan sebagai intervensi gizi untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Namun, dalam perspektif manajemen, MBG juga merupakan sistem rantai pasok pangan publik berskala besar yang mencakup perencanaan kebutuhan, pengadaan bahan baku, pengelolaan pemasok, distribusi, pengendalian mutu, pelacakan, dan evaluasi kinerja. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana manajemen rantai pasok MBG dapat mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional. Penelitian menggunakan studi literatur naratif dengan penelusuran terarah terhadap artikel jurnal 2021–2026 dan dokumen resmi pemerintah yang relevan dengan school feeding, public food procurement, local sourcing, food supply chain resilience, digitalisasi agro-pangan, dan implementasi MBG di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa MBG memiliki potensi strategis sebagai instrumen pengadaan pangan publik yang tidak hanya memperbaiki akses gizi kelompok sasaran, tetapi juga membentuk permintaan yang stabil bagi pangan lokal, memperluas pasar bagi petani, peternak, UMKM, dan BUMDes, serta mendorong transformasi sistem pangan. Namun, manfaat tersebut tidak bersifat otomatis. Literatur menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan program makan sekolah sangat dipengaruhi oleh tata kelola pengadaan, hubungan pembeli-pemasok, keamanan pangan, diversifikasi komoditas, integrasi data, dan kapasitas monitoring. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa MBG akan lebih efektif dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional apabila dikelola sebagai rantai pasok pangan publik yang adaptif, resilien, berbasis pangan lokal, dan terdigitalisasi.
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