FIQIH : PUASA WAJIB DAN PUASA SUNNAH

Abstract

Fasting is one of the fundamental acts of worship in Islam and holds a highly significant position. In Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), fasting is divided into two main categories: obligatory fasting and voluntary (sunnah) fasting. Obligatory fasting is a religious duty (fard ‘ain) for every Muslim who fulfills the required conditions, including the fasting of Ramadan, making up missed fasts (qada), expiatory fasting (kaffarah), and vow fasting (nazar). Meanwhile, voluntary (sunnah) fasting is recommended by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to strengthen spirituality and draw closer to Allah SWT, such as fasting on Mondays and Thursdays, the White Days (Ayyam al-Bidh), the six days of Shawwal, the Day of Ashura, and the Day of Arafah. This article comprehensively examines the legal foundations, conditions, pillars, and wisdom behind both types of fasting based on the Qur’an, Hadith, and the opinions of Islamic jurists.