LANDASAN PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL: PENDIDIKAN DALAM MASYARAKAT MULTIETNIK DAN MULTIRELIGIUS

Abstract

This study examines the foundations of multicultural education within the context of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society. Indonesia, as one of the world's most diverse nations, faces complex challenges in developing an educational system that is fair, inclusive, and respectful of all cultural identities. Multicultural education is not merely a pedagogical approach, but a fundamental ethical and political commitment to recognizing and affirming the value of every cultural identity in the learning process. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method through a literature review approach, analyzing key theories and practices of multicultural education including the contributions of James Banks, Geneva Gay, and Sonia Nieto, as well as their implementation within the Indonesian context. The findings indicate that a strong multicultural educational foundation requires the integration of culturally responsive curriculum, the development of intercultural competencies in educators, the creation of inclusive classroom environments, and a firm commitment from educational institutions to eliminate discrimination and stereotyping. The study also highlights the critical importance of multicultural education in addressing radicalism, inter-ethnic conflict, and social fragmentation in contemporary Indonesia. Strengthening the foundations of multicultural education is therefore essential for building a just, cohesive, and democratic society.