Analisis Respons Transien Motor DC terhadap Perubahan Beban Menggunakan Kontrol PI

Abstract

. This study analyzes the transient response of a DC motor to load variations using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller implemented through MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The DC motor is modeled using a transfer function and tested under three conditions: without controller, with PI controller tuned by PID Tune (PI₁ and PI₂), and with a step load disturbance applied at seconds. Performance is evaluated based on rise time, peak time, overshoot, settling time, steady-state error, and recovery time. The results show that the system without control is highly sensitive to load changes, exhibiting a large steady-state error and a significant speed drop. The application of PI control improves system stability and accuracy; PI₁ reduces the steady-state error to 1.65% (no-load) and 2.71% (with load) with minimal overshoot, while PI₂  provides faster response with very low steady-state error (0.28% no-load and 0.27% with load) at the expense of slightly higher overshoot. Overall, PID Tune is effective in generating stable PI parameters, where PI₂ achieves the best performance in response speed and accuracy, and PI₁ is more favorable in minimizing overshoot.