JURNAL ILMIAH NUSANTARA

Penerapan Klausula Force Majeure Akibat Keterlambatan Perizinan Ekspor: Studi Kasus PT Freeport Indonesia

Sylvania Okta Aurelia — 2025-12-01

This article examines the application of the force majeure clause in PT Freeport Indonesia’s export contracts when delays in export permits arise from government actions. The study focuses on two central issues: whether such delays can be classified as force majeure, and how the clause is implemented within Freeport’s commodity contracts. Based on an analysis of contract law doctrine, the Indonesian Civil Code, and international commercial practices, the delay in export permits satisfies the elements of force majeure because it originates from government policies beyond the company’s control, is unforeseeable, unavoidable, and results in the temporary impossibility of performing delivery obligations. The contractual practices of Freeport further show that the force majeure clause is structured to anticipate government intervention through mechanisms such as formal notification, proof of non-negligence on the part of the company, and adjustments to delivery schedules once permits are reinstated. The findings confirm that the force majeure clause functions as an effective legal tool to protect Freeport and maintain the stability of international trade relations amid fluctuating mineral export regulations. This study highlights the need for more precise and adaptive drafting of force majeure clauses to address regulatory uncertainty in the mining sector.

PENGGUNAAN PEMBANGKIT CADANGAN BERBASIS GENERATOR DIESEL 2000 kVA DI PT. CHAROEN POKPHAND

Agung Dwi Rizky Gultom — 2025-12-02

Keandalan pasokan listrik sangat penting bagi industri pakan ternak yang beroperasi terus-menerus, termasuk PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi risiko pemadaman, perusahaan menggunakan generator diesel 2000 kVA sebagai pembangkit cadangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kinerja operasional genset, tingkat pembebanan, dan efektivitas perawatan. Metode meliputi observasi lapangan, pencatatan tegangan, arus, frekuensi, dan suhu, serta analisis
daya selama tiga jam pengamatan. Hasil menunjukkan tegangan dan frekuensi stabil, dengan pembebanan 32 sampai 42 persen yang masih dalam batas aman. Kenaikan suhu tetap normal. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa perawatan konsisten mampu menjaga keandalan genset dan mendukung kelancaran produksi.

Peran Language Acquition Device (LAD) Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab: Perspektif Teori Nativisme

Asroriyah Asroriyah — 2025-12-03

Penelitian ini membahas peran Language Acquisition Device (LAD) dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab berdasarkan perspektif teori nativisme yang dikemukakan oleh Noam Chomsky. LAD dipahami sebagai perangkat biologis bawaan dalam otak manusia yang memungkinkan seseorang memperoleh bahasa secara alami. Kajian ini berfokus pada empat permasalahan utama, yaitu: pengertian LAD dalam teori nativisme, fungsi LAD dalam pemerolehan bahasa Arab pada anak, faktor yang mendukung optimalisasi LAD, serta implikasi teori nativisme terhadap strategi pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Melalui pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif berbasis kajian literatur, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa LAD berperan penting dalam memfasilitasi kemampuan alami anak memahami struktur bahasa Arab. Optimalisasi fungsi LAD dapat dicapai melalui lingkungan belajar yang komunikatif, interaktif, dan kontekstual. Dengan demikian, teori nativisme memberikan dasar filosofis bahwa pembelajaran bahasa Arab hendaknya menekankan potensi alami peserta didik, bukan hanya pada penguasaan aturan gramatikal.

Telaah Kritis atas Kedudukan Hukum Penasehat Hukum dalam Pembuktian pada Perkara Perdata

Adiman Adiman — 2025-12-03

Legal counsel plays a strategic role in evidentiary processes within civil litigation, despite the lack of explicit statutory recognition in Indonesian civil procedural law. This study critically examines the role and authority of legal counsel in constructing evidentiary instruments during court proceedings and evaluates the legal implications of their involvement on procedural and substantive justice. Employing a normative-juridical approach through analysis of legislation, court decisions, and contemporary legal literature, this research reveals that although the Dutch Reglement op de Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering (Rv) and Herziene Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) do not detail the evidentiary role of legal counsel, judicial practice consistently positions them as pivotal actors in submitting, structuring, and interpreting evidence. Findings indicate a norm-practice gap that may generate legal uncertainty, particularly regarding ethical responsibilities and the limits of legal counsel’s authority. Therefore, normative clarification or practical guidelines are urgently needed to define the legal standing of counsel in civil evidentiary processes, thereby reinforcing principles of fairness, predictability, and accountability in civil litigation.

Mengurai Peran Bahasa Arab sebagai Mesin Penggerak Pembelajaran

Ayu Nabilla Syaputri — 2025-12-03

Bahasa Arab memiliki peran sentral sebagai motor penggerak dalam pembelajaran, terutama dalam pendidikan islam dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Bahasa ini merupakan media utama yang tidak terpisahkan dari Al-Qur’an, yang menjadi sumber nilai, moral, dan sistem perilaku umat islam. Keunggulan Bahasa Arab terletak pada kemampuannya membentuk pola pikir unik sera memperkuat keterampilan komunikatif dan berpikir krtitis peserta didik. Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab menghadapi tantangan kompleksitas struktur bahasa dan metode pengajaran yang konvensional dan monoton. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang efektif dan adaptif, seperti metode quantum learning. Metode ini menggabungkan aktivitas kinestetik, visualisasi, bercerita, dan pengalaman pribadi yang menyenangkan dan interaktif, sehingga mampu meningkatkan motivasi, penguasaan kosakata, dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Dengan mengintegrasikan aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik, metode quantum learning menjadikan Bahasa arab sebagai mesin penggerak pembelajaran yang efektif dalam membentuk sumber daya manusia berkualitas yang tidak hanya menguasai bahasa tetapi juga memahami nilai keagamaan dan budaya secara mendalam dan menyuluruh, pendekatan ini meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa sekaligus memperdalam pemahaman budaya dan agama peserta didik secara holistik.

Analisis Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi Menggunakan Metode VRIO dan PEST di PT Pelita Buana Jaya.

Adam Satria Mahendra — 2025-12-04

The rapid advancement of information technology has encouraged medical supply distributors to enhance system integration and operational efficiency. PT Pelita Buana Jaya, operating in Central Java, requires a strategic assessment of its IT infrastructure to support procurement, storage, and distribution activities. This study aims to evaluate the internal and external factors influencing the company’s IT performance using the VRIO and PEST methods. The VRIO analysis examines the strategic value, rarity, imitability, and organizational capability of the company’s technological resources, while the PEST analysis explores the influence of governmental regulations, economic conditions, social expectations, and technological developments. The findings show that PT Pelita Buana Jaya’s current IT infrastructure supports basic operations but lacks full integration, resulting in several operational limitations. Therefore, the company needs to strengthen human resource competencies and develop more integrated digital systems to improve competitiveness and service quality.

Dampak Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Terhadap Perkembangan Spiritual Santri di Pondok Pesantren Roudlotut Tholibin, Kepil, Wonosobo

Ahmad Munir — 2025-12-05

This thesis aims to examine the spiritual conditions surrounding the Islamic boarding school, identify the spiritual atmosphere within the boarding school environment, and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing the spiritual development of students at the Roudlotut Tholibin Islamic Boarding School in Kepil District, Wonosobo Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative field method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis involves data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the spiritual condition of the community around the boarding school shows significant positive development. The community experiences an improvement in religious quality through interactions with students and participation in boarding school activities. Within the boarding school, students’ spirituality is strengthened through routine worship, discipline, and habituation of Islamic etiquette. Supporting factors include a strong religious culture, disciplined worship practices, exemplary behavior of the ustadz, and community support. Meanwhile, minor inhibiting factors arise from students’ varied backgrounds, early adaptation challenges, and emotional conditions requiring further guidance.

Pendidikan Pancasila dan Budaya Sekolah Sebagai Penguatan Karakter Karakter Peserta Didik di SD Negeri Sumber 6 Surakarta

Adelia Primadani — 2025-12-05

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pendidikan pancasila dan budaya sekolah berperan sebagai upaya terpadu dalam memperkuat pendidikan karakter peserta didik di SD Negeri Sumber 6 Surakarta. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatifmelalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan pancasila tidak hanya diarahkan pada pencapaian kompetensi pengetahuan tetapi juga ada pembentukan karakter melalui model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) dan Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang memberikan kesempatan bagi peserta didik untuk mempraktikkan nilai-nilaia tanggung jawab, kerja sama, kedisiplinan, empati serta pengambilan keputusan etis. Selain itu, budaya sekolah memperkuat internalisasi nilai Pancasila melalui pembiasaan harian yang konsisten seperti upacara bendera, kegiatan religi, litersi, apel pagi, lagu daerah, jumat bersih, olahraga, program adiwiyata serta kegiatan sedekah dan zakat fitrah. Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seperti tari dan membatik turut membentuk kreativitas, kemandirian dan rasa cinta terhadap budaya lokal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan karakter di SD Negeri Sumber 6 Surakarta terbentuk melalui sinergi antara pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila yang terstruktur dan budaya sekolah yang berkesinambungan.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Geografi Siswa Pada Materi Mitigasi Bencana di XI D SMA N 4 Jayapura

Mila Karmila — 2025-12-05

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh proses pembelajaran Geografi di kelas XI D SMAN 4 Jayapura dimana guru masih berfokus pada penguasaan materi dan jarang menggunakan model pembelajaran yang menuntut siswa untuk terlibat aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar lembar soal tes dan lembar observasi sikap diskusi kelompok. Berdasarkan analisis dan pengamatan hasil dari penelitian diperoleh informasi bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, Hal ini dapat dilihat dari perbandingan hasil pre-test dan post-test serta penilaian sikap diskusi kelompok. Pada hasil pre-test, hanya 19 dari 43 siswa atau sekitar 44,19% yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar dengan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) sebesar 75. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa belum memahami materi secara mendalam, yang menjadi indikasi perlunya penerapan metode pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan efektif. Setelah penerapan PBL, hasil post-test menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan, di mana ketuntasan belajar mencapai 33 dari 43 siswa atau 76,74%. Peningkatan ini, sebesar 32,55%. Hasil Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu referensi dalam mengembangkan penelitian selanjutnya dan penelitian ini yaitu model PBL bisa digunakan untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang inovatif sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi yang baik bagi pembelajaran.

Integrasi Prinsip Sakinah-Mawaddah-Rahmah dalam Pembinaan Keluarga Muslim Kontemporer: Kajian Tematik Al-Qur’an terhadap Fondasi Ketahanan Keluarga

M. Ridho Firdaus — 2025-12-05

The concepts of Sakīnah, Mawaddah, wa Raḥmah constitute a spiritual and emotional trilogy that the Qur'an proclaims as the fundamental goal of marriage (QS. Ar-Rum: 21). This study aims to analyze thematically (maudhū'ī) the integration of these three principles as the main foundation for the development and resilience of Muslim families in the contemporary era. Through a qualitative approach with literature study and thematic interpretation, it was found that Sakīnah (inner peace) functions as a spiritual foundation; Mawaddah (active, passionate love) as the driving force of the relationship; and Raḥmah (loving kindness that is ready to sacrifice) as a safety net and sustainability. The integration of these three elements provides an ideal model for contemporary Muslim families to face challenges such as digital disruption, changing gender roles, and economic pressures. The results of the study confirm that family resilience does not only depend on material aspects, but primarily on the quality of transcendental relationships based on Qur'anic values.

Analisis Sistem Eksitasi Pada Generator Sinkron 11KV Unit 2 ULPLTA Sipansihaporas

Gaul Pernandes Tambunan — 2025-12-06

The excitation system is a fundamental component in the operation of synchronous generators, functioning to regulate output voltage stability and control reactive power during dynamic load variations. This research was conducted at ULPLTA Sipansihaporas Unit 2, which generates 17 MW using a static excitation system equipped with an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and 110 V DC battery for initial excitation. The objective of this study is to analyze the excitation process, identify the main components of the excitation system, and evaluate its performance under operational load conditions. Data for this research was obtained directly from field observations and generator operational parameters recorded through the Central Control Room (CCR). The results indicate that the excitation current and voltage remain constant at 520 A and 58 V respectively despite fluctuations in active and reactive power. The system was able to maintain the terminal voltage at 11.4 kV and frequency at 50 Hz ± 0.1, demonstrating stable performance and operational reliability. These findings confirm that the excitation system of Unit 2 performs efficiently in supporting power system stability and reliability within the regional grid.

Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Islam Moderat dalam Akhlaq Ar-Rasul Shollallahu Alaihi Wa Sallama lil Athfal Karya Syaikh Mahmud Al-Mishri

Achmad — 2025-12-05

This study examines the concept of moderate Islamic character education presented in Akhlaq Ar-Rasul Shollallahu Alaihi Wa Sallama Lil Athfal by Sheikh Mahmud Al-Mishri and explores its relevance for shaping the moral character of young people in the digital era. Using library research and a descriptive qualitative approach, the study analyzes the core values of moral moderation emphasized by Al-Mishri. The findings reveal that the principles of tawassuth (middle path), i‘tidāl (proportionality), and tawāzun (balance) serve as the foundation for developing well-balanced character traits such as trustworthiness, honesty, disciplined courage, patience, generosity, and social responsibility. These values are highly relevant for addressing moral decline among youth and for fostering a proportional religious understanding and constructive social behavior. The study underscores the importance of strengthening character education based on Islamic moderation to cultivate morally grounded and adaptive young generations capable of responding to contemporary challenges.

PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI SHOLAT ZUHUR BERJAMAAH KELAS 7 SMPN 3 KERTEK

Angger Arya Maulana — 2025-12-06

Islamic Religious Education teachers play a strategic role in encouraging students' active participation in congregational prayer activities at school. This study aims to describe the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in motivating 7th-grade students at SMPN 3 Kertek to perform Zuhr prayer in congregation, analyze the implementation of participation enhancement programs, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the process. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with observations, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The data analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that PAI teachers carry out integrated roles as educators, motivators, role models, and guides, resulting in a 90% student participation rate, with half of them proactively going to the mosque without being instructed. The program is implemented through a shift-based rotation system, OSIS-managed attendance, and habituation methods supported by exemplary behavior, persuasive advice, and structured supervision. Supporting and inhibiting factors arise from school leadership, teacher commitment, student readiness, availability of facilities, and school environment conditions. The study concludes that PAI teachers significantly contribute to strengthening students’ religious discipline and promoting a culture of congregational worship in schools.

Analisis Respons Transien Motor DC terhadap Perubahan Beban Menggunakan Kontrol PI

Michael Oklando Sihotang — 2025-12-06

. This study analyzes the transient response of a DC motor to load variations using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller implemented through MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The DC motor is modeled using a transfer function and tested under three conditions: without controller, with PI controller tuned by PID Tune (PI₁and PI₂), and with a step load disturbance applied at seconds. Performance is evaluated based on rise time, peak time, overshoot, settling time, steady-state error, and recovery time. The results show that the system without control is highly sensitive to load changes, exhibiting a large steady-state error and a significant speed drop. The application of PI control improves system stability and accuracy; PI₁reduces the steady-state error to 1.65% (no-load) and 2.71% (with load) with minimal overshoot, while PI₂ provides faster response with very low steady-state error (0.28% no-load and 0.27% with load) at the expense of slightly higher overshoot. Overall, PID Tune is effective in generating stable PI parameters, where PI₂achieves the best performance in response speed and accuracy, and PI₁is more favorable in minimizing overshoot.

Analisis Penerapan Budaya Sekolah sebagai Upaya Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter di SDN Makamhaji 04 Kartasura

Diva Hapsari — 2025-12-01

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh lemahnya implementasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah dasar, yang terlihat dari rendahnya karakter disiplin, tanggung jawab, dan integritas siswa. Budaya sekolah dipandang sebagai instrumen strategis untuk membangun pembiasaan karakter yang konsisten dan terstruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk penerapan budaya sekolah di SDN Makamhaji 04 Kartasura, proses internalisasi nilai karakter melalui budaya sekolah, serta faktor pendukung, penghambat, dan strategi penyelesaian dari sekolah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara terhadap kepala sekolah dan guru kelas. Analisis dilakukan untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan budaya sekolah dan efektivitasnya dalam penguatan karakter siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya sekolah diterapkan melalui pembiasaan 5S, upacara atau apel pagi, literasi religius, kegiatan fisik, serta program kebersihan yang berfungsi untuk menanamkan nilai religius, disiplin, integritas, nasionalisme, tanggung jawab, dan kepedulian lingkungan. Keberhasilan penerapan ini didukung oleh komitmen guru dan kepala sekolah serta dukungan sarana dan prasarana sekolah. Hambatan muncul dari variasi karakter siswa, rendahnya antusiasme sebagian siswa, beban administrasi guru, serta kurangnya pembiasaan di rumah dan lingkungan sekitar. Simpulan menunjukkan bahwa budaya sekolah di SDN Makamhaji 04 berfungsi efektif sebagai mekanisme pembentukan karakter melalui pembiasaan, keteladanan, dan pengelolaan sekolah yang konsisten, sehingga layak menjadi model praktik penguatan pendidikan karakter di sekolah dasar.

Implementasi Sikap Gotong Royong Pada Pembelajaran PPkn di SD Negeri Tunggulsari 1 No. 72 Surakarta

Adela Fisca Dian Saputri — 2025-12-06

Dalam penelitian ini, sikap gotong royong diterapkan dalam pembelajaran PPkn di SD Negeri Tunggulsari 1 No.72 Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan fokus pada penerapan nilai gotong royong antara guru PPkn dan siswa SDN Tunggulsari 1 Surakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diskusi kelompok, kerja bakti kelas, proyek kebersihan lingkungan, dan kolaborasi dalam tugas tematik serta observasi dan dokumentasi kegiatan gotong royong di sekolah merupakan contoh dari nilai gotong royong. Guru memainkan peran penting dalam membangun sikap saling membantu, bekerja sama, dan menghargai perbedaan pendapat siswa. Budaya sekolah yang baik, dukungan kepala sekolah, dan kebiasaan kerja sama siswa adalah semua faktor yang mendukung penerapan nilai gotong royong. Salah satu masalahnya adalah siswa masih individualis dalam kelompok dan tidak konsisten dalam berpartisipasi aktif. Menurut penelitian ini, pembelajaran PPkn di SD Negeri Tunggulsari 1 No. 72 Surakarta telah menjadi metode yang efektif untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai gotong royong melalui kegiatan yang dilakukan secara nyata di sekolah.

Analisis Bahaya Arc-Flash pada Sistem Distribusi Industri Menggunakan ETAP Berbasis IEEE 1584-2018

Gilbert Sarda Sinaga — 2025-12-02

The reliability and safety of industrial electrical power systems have become paramount priorities given the serious threats posed by arc-flash phenomena, which can cause severe injuries, equipment damage, and operational disruptions. This study aims to analyze arc-flash hazards in multi-bus industrial distribution systems using ETAP software based on IEEE 1584-2018 standards. The research methodology employs an experimental simulation design by constructing a distribution system model encompassing bus components, transformers, transmission lines, and protective devices. The analysis focuses on three critical points: Bus 4, Bus 6, and Bus 7. Simulation results indicate that Bus 4 exhibits the highest incident energy of 56.52 cal/cm² with an arc-flash boundary of 5.324 m (NFPA 70E category F), Bus 6 generates 45.90 cal/cm² with a boundary of 4.663 m (category F), and Bus 7 produces 34.40 cal/cm² with a boundary of 3.880 m (category E). The findings underscore the necessity for implementing high-level personal protective equipment, optimizing protection coordination to reduce fault clearing time, and conducting periodic evaluations of protection systems to enhance operator safety and the reliability of industrial distribution systems.

Sistem Makna dan Konteks Peran Sintaksis dan Pragmatik dalam Pembentukan Pikiran

Alfa sabila ainurrohma — 2025-12-06

Artikel ini mengkaji keterkaitan struktur linguistik, konstruksi makna, dan proses kognitif melalui sudut pandang sintaksis dan pragmatik. Sintaksis digambarkan sebagai sistem struktural yang mengatur hubungan antar unsur linguistik untuk menghasilkan kalimat yang koheren. Sebaliknya, pragmatik berfokus pada bagaimana bahasa digunakan dalam konteks sosial, termasuk intensi penutur, implikatur, dan strategi komunikatif. Bersama-sama, bidang-bidang ini tidak hanya merepresentasikan dimensi formal dan fungsional bahasa, tetapi juga mekanisme kognitif yang mendasari produksi dan interpretasi ujaran. Dengan mengintegrasikan perspektif linguistik dan kognitif, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa organisasi sintaksis memengaruhi bagaimana individu mengembangkan dan menyusun gagasan, sementara prinsip-prinsip pragmatik membentuk kemampuan untuk menyimpulkan makna tersirat dan merespons secara tepat dalam situasi komunikatif. Pembahasan ini juga menyoroti bahasa sebagai sistem simbolik yang terkait erat dengan fungsi mental seperti persepsi, ingatan, dan penalaran. Pada akhirnya, analisis ini menekankan peran krusial sintaksis dan pragmatik dalam membentuk representasi mental dan memengaruhi bagaimana manusia menafsirkan dunia di sekitar mereka. Dengan demikian, studi cabang-cabang linguistik ini memberikan wawasan yang lebih mendalam tentang hubungan timbal balik antara bahasa dan kognisi dalam komunikasi manusia.

Optimalisasi Pelayanan Digital DPMPTSP Bukittinggi dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Digital Masyarakat

Suci Kurnia Ilahi — 2025-12-08

Digital transformation is a strategic step in realizing efficient and transparent public services. This study aims to analyze the optimization of digital services by DPMPTSP Bukittinggi in enhancing the community’s digital literacy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation of digital service activities. The findings indicate that the implementation of digital systems such as OSS and SIPATEN improves service efficiency and encourages citizens to actively engage with technology. In addition to accelerating licensing processes, digitalization contributes to a better understanding of online public services among the community. Therefore, optimizing digital services not only enhances the quality of public administration but also continuously strengthens society’s digital literacy.

Pemodelan Interaksi Medan Listrik Dinamis dan Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Monang Marpaung — 2025-12-08

This research stems from the need to understand the complex relationship between time-varying electric fields and electromagnetic waves, which often presents difficulties in simulating their propagation in various media. The primary focus is to develop a numerical model capable of predicting the dynamics of this interaction, thus enabling its use in antenna development and radiation evaluation. The applied method includes a Finite-Difference Time-Domain approach, which solves the fundamental equations stepwise in both the time and space domains. The results show that the model is capable of reproducing transverse propagation patterns with a high degree of accuracy and detecting strong mutual induction effects at high frequencies. These findings provide a foundation for improving the performance of electromagnetic devices, minimizing potential interference, and opening up new innovations in the telecommunications sector.

Peran Budaya Sekolah dalam Membangun Pendidikan Karakter yang Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus di SD Negeri Tunggulsari 1

Ghazy Nabil Musyaffa — 2025-12-07

Pendidikan karakter merupakan aspek fundamental dalam membentuk peserta didik yang berakhlak, disiplin, bertanggung jawab, dan mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peran budaya sekolah dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SD Negeri Tunggulsari 1 melalui berbagai kegiatan pembiasaan mingguan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian diuji keabsahannya melalui triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan seperti upacara bendera, Selasa Religi, latihan Kepramukaan, Jumat Literasi, Jumat Bersih, dan Jumat Sehat berkontribusi signifikan terhadap penanaman nilai religius, nasionalis, mandiri, gotong royong, dan integritas. Meski demikian, efektivitas internalisasi nilai masih dipengaruhi oleh konsistensi pembiasaan, keteladanan guru, serta dukungan orang tua. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa budaya sekolah yang terstruktur, konsisten, dan didukung seluruh warga sekolah berperan penting dalam membangun karakter peserta didik secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan variasi pembiasaan, peningkatan evaluasi program, kolaborasi dengan orang tua dan komunitas, serta pengembangan dokumentasi digital untuk memaksimalkan pembentukan karakter sesuai Profil Pelajar Pancasila.

DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN GURU PADA PEMBELAJARAN PPKN KELAS TINGGI DI SDN 1 BONYOKAN

Dzaky Adiyatma Rudhianto — 2025-12-07

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) memegang peranan penting dalam membentuk karakter serta kemampuan kewargaan peserta didik di sekolah dasar. Peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dapat dilakukan melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran yang mampu menarik perhatian, menumbuhkan motivasi, dan meningkatkan keterlibatan aktif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan variasi media yang dimanfaatkan oleh guru, cara media tersebut diintegrasikan ke dalam kegiatan belajar, serta pengaruhnya terhadap keaktifan dan pemahaman siswa kelas tinggi di SDN 01 Bonyokan. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru menggunakan berbagai media seperti video, gambar, dan presentasi digital, yang secara nyata membantu meningkatkan interaksi serta pemahaman siswa terhadap materi PPKn, terutama pada pembahasan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan norma kehidupan sehari-hari. Meskipun demikian, pemanfaatan media masih menghadapi beberapa kendala, antara lain keterbatasan jaringan internet, kurangnya perangkat pendukung, serta pengaturan waktu pembelajaran yang belum maksimal. Di samping itu, media pembelajaran jarang digunakan dalam proses evaluasi yang masih didominasi oleh metode tradisional. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran memberikan dampak positif bagi proses pembelajaran PPKn, namun efektivitasnya perlu ditingkatkan melalui penyediaan sarana yang memadai, peningkatan kompetensi guru, dan perencanaan pembelajaran yang lebih terstruktur.

ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS DI SD NEGERI MAKAMHAJI 04 SUKOHARJO TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN SIKAP TANGGUNG JAWAB PADA SISWA KELAS IV

Alyaa Farica Fauziyah — 2025-12-07

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di SD Negeri Makamhaji 04 Sukoharjo serta meninjau kontribusinya terhadap pembentukan sikap tanggung jawab siswa kelas IV. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program MBG berjalan baik dan terorganisasi melalui kerja sama antara sekolah dan UMKM lokal yang menjaga kualitas serta kebersihan makanan. Guru berperan penting dalam mengatur kegiatan, memberi arahan, dan menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter selama proses makan bersama. Program ini tidak hanya memenuhi kebutuhan gizi siswa, tetapi juga menjadi media pembelajaran karakter yang efektif, terutama dalam menumbuhkan tanggung jawab pribadi dan sosial seperti menghabiskan makanan, menjaga kebersihan, serta menghormati pemberian. Meskipun terdapat kendala seperti perbedaan selera makan dan sisa makanan, upaya edukatif dan pembiasaan yang konsisten berhasil meminimalkan masalah tersebut. Secara keseluruhan, Program MBG berkontribusi nyata dalam mendukung pembentukan karakter siswa sekaligus memperkuat sinergi antara kebijakan gizi nasional dan pendidikan karakter di sekolah dasar.

IMPLEMENTASI SIKAP 5S (SENYUM, SALAM, SAPA, SOPAN, DAN SANTUN) PADA PEMBELAJARAN PANCASILA DI SDN MANGKUBUMEN WETAN NO. 63 KOTA SURAKARTA

Alya Azizah — 2025-12-07

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi budaya 5S (Senyum, Salam, Sapa, Sopan, dan Santun) dalam Pembelajaran Pancasila di kelas 4 SDN Mangkubumen Wetan No. 63 Kota Surakarta. Budaya 5S merupakan bagian penting dari pembentukan karakter peserta didik yang sejalan dengan tujuan Pendidikan Pancasila dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi guna memperoleh pemahaman mendalam mengenai penerapan 5S dalam interaksi guru dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru telah menerapkan pembiasaan 5S melalui keteladanan, penguatan berulang, dan pengkondisian rutin sehingga siswa mulai terbiasa menunjukkan sikap ramah, sopan, dan santun. Penerapan 5S berdampak positif terhadap suasana pembelajaran yang lebih hangat, kondusif, serta mendorong keberanian siswa dalam berdiskusi dan berpartisipasi aktif. Meskipun masih terdapat tantangan berupa ketidakkonsistenan siswa, guru mampu mengatasinya melalui pengingat yang lembut dan strategi pembelajaran kreatif seperti role-play dan permainan. Secara keseluruhan, budaya 5S terbukti mendukung internalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila dan memperkuat karakter peserta didik dalam konteks pembelajaran dan interaksi sosial di sekolah.

STUDI HUBUNG SINGKAT PADA TRANSFORMATOR TEGANGAN TINGGI MENGGUNAKAN ETAP 16.0.0

Julio Betran Simalango — 2025-12-08

Short-circuit fault is a dangerous condition in power systems because it produces very high currents. Transformers, as important equipment in high-voltage systems, must be analyzed to ensure safe operation during faults. This study aims to analyze short-circuit characteristics of a high-voltage transformer using ETAP 16.0.0.softwareShort-circuit fault is a dangerous condition in power systems because it produces very high currents. Transformers, as important equipment in high-voltage systems, must be analyzed to ensure safe operation during faults. This study aims to analyze short-circuit characteristics of a high-voltage transformer using ETAP 16.0.0 software.This research is expected to be used as a reference for designing protection systems for high-voltage equipment.

STUDI KASUS: KESULITAN GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN MATERI NORMA PPKN PADA KELAS VI SDN KAWATAN

Ratih Pradhipta Kusuma Hastuti — 2025-12-08

Civics Education (PPKn) in elementary schools plays an essential role in instilling values and norms; however, in practice, teachers still encounter various challenges in developing learning materials. This study aims to identify the difficulties faced by teachers in developing norm-related materials in Grade VI Civics learning and to examine their impact on students understanding. The research employed a qualitative approach using a case study design conducted at SDN Kawatan, Surakarta. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through data collection, reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data validity was ensured through a credibility test using technique and source triangulation. The findings reveal that teachers experience difficulties in designing contextual learning activities, limited learning media and resources, insufficient pedagogical competence, and constrained instructional time. These challenges result in learning that emphasizes memorization, low student engagement, and limited development of students understanding and internalization of norms in their daily lives.

STUDI STARTING DAN RESISTANSI STATOR TERHADAP SLIP, ARUS AWAL, DAN KUALITAS DAYA MOTOR INDUKSI

Irenius Aditya Lumbangaol — 2025-12-08

This study presents a literature review on the influence of starting methods and stator resistance on slip characteristics, inrush current, and power quality performance of three-phase induction motors. Several starting strategies including direct-on-line (DOL), star–delta, autotransformer, soft-starter, and voltage–frequency (V/f) control using inverter-based drives are reviewed to evaluate their effect on initial current surge and electromagnetic torque development. Findings indicate that conventional starting methods such as DOL produce high inrush current and voltage sag, while soft-starter and inverter-based methods provide smoother torque transition and reduced starting current. Variation of stator resistance demonstrates a proportional effect on slip characteristics and torque, where higher resistance increases slip and reduces starting efficiency. In addition, starting methods may influence power quality parameters such as harmonic distortion, power factor, and voltage drop depending on the applied control strategy. The study concludes that integrating appropriate starting control with stator resistance adjustments can improve dynamic performance of induction motors and reduce power disturbances in industrial systems.

KEMUDAHAN MERENCANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MODEL KEMP

Haifa Farsya Nafisah — 2025-12-10

Learning planning is highly dependent on the teacher who plans it. Teachers are the spearhead in this regard. Therefore, a teacher needs a learning planning model that is not rigid, uncomplicated, flexible, and easy to implement in the class. This article aims to discover the ease of the Kemp model that helps teachers in planning learning. This is an answer to the problems faced by most teachers. This research uses a literature study data collection method and a content analysis approach. The literature study method allows for the collection of various literature sources in the form of previous research relevant to the title. These literature sources are selected based on criteria. Appropriate literature is extracted for its main ideas, grouped, and processed or analyzed in the discussion. Then, the analysis produces comprehensive conclusions that are discussed in the conclusion section. Based on the literature that has been obtained, the Kemp model is a flexible model because its application is not limited to sequential steps. Therefore, using the Kemp model in learning planning will facilitate teachers in optimizing lesson plans. The conclusion of this study is that the Kemp model can facilitate and provide a solution for teachers in planning learning activities.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Metode Praktikum Kimia Sederhana di Kelas XII SMA YPPK Teruna Bakti Kota Jayapura

Fitria Rospitasari — 2025-12-10

This study aims to examine the improvement of students’ learning outcomes through the use of chemistry practicum methods in Grade XII of YPPK Teruna Bakti Jayapura Senior High School. The research was conducted in two cycles. Cycle I implemented a problem-based learning model with instructional material on preparing buffer solutions, while Cycle II used a discovery learning model with instructional material on acid–base titration. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and learning outcome tests. The total number of respondents in this study was 32 students. The results showed an increase in students’ learning outcomes through the use of chemistry practicum methods in both Cycle I and Cycle II, with average scores of 80 and 88.44, respectively, and average mastery percentages of 81.25% in Cycle I and 90.63% in Cycle II. The improvement in mastery learning reached 9.38%, with the mastery percentage exceeding 75%. Students’ learning activities also increased from 73.44% in Cycle I to 76.39% in Cycle II, showing a 2.95% improvement. The findings from both cycles indicate an increase in students’ learning activities and learning outcomes through the implementation of chemistry practicum methods. The success of applying the chemistry practicum method in this study was influenced by the teacher’s skills, the availability of laboratory tools and materials, increased student learning motivation, and favorable laboratory conditions.

Analisis Perbandingan Kontrol P, PI, dan PID pada Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor DC Berbasis Simulasi MATLAB

Deswen Lumban Gaol — 2025-12-09

DC motor speed control plays a crucial role in industrial applications requiring fast response, high accuracy, and system stability. This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of P, PI, and PID controllers in a DC motor speed regulation system based on MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The system model was designed in a closed-loop configuration with a 100 rad/s set point, and controller parameters were obtained using the auto-tuning feature to ensure optimal operating conditions. The simulation was carried out for 10 seconds without load by evaluating performance parameters including rise time, overshoot, settling time, steady-state value, and steady-state error. The results indicate that the P controller produces a fast initial response but suffers from high overshoot and low stability. The PI controller demonstrates improved stability with reduced overshoot and shorter settling time, although the steady-state value remains slightly below the set point. The PID controller shows the best overall performance by achieving the fastest rise time, the shortest settling time, and an almost zero steady-state error, making it the most effective in achieving fast, stable, and accurate responses. Therefore, the PID controller is recommended as the most suitable control strategy for DC motor speed regulation under no-load conditions.

PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN GEOGEBRA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI DI SMA YPPK TERUNA BAKTI JAYAPURA

Syafiqoh El Nabila — 2025-12-10

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik kelas XI F1 Teknik SMA YPPK Teruna Bakti melalui penerapan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan GeoGebra pada materi Transformasi Geometri Refleksi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, yang masing-masing terdiri atas tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 31 peserta didik. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes hasil belajar, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif berdasarkan Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP) skala lima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar yang signifikan pada setiap siklus tindakan. Pada prasiklus, nilai rata-rata peserta didik sebesar 72,65 dengan tingkat ketuntasan 58,06%. Setelah penerapan PBL berbantuan GeoGebra pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 84,52 dengan ketuntasan 83,87%. Peningkatan yang lebih optimal terjadi pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata 90,32 dan ketuntasan 93,55%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBL berbantuan GeoGebra efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep refleksi, keterlibatan peserta didik, serta kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning berbantuan GeoGebra berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik kelas XI di SMA YPPK Teruna Bakti.

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA DI MTS NEGERI 2 WONOSOBO

Rendi Setiyawan — 2025-12-11

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of implementing Akidah Akhlak learning and the teachers’ strategies in internalizing Islamic moral values at MTs Negeri 2 Wonosobo. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The participants include the Akidah Akhlak teacher, school principal, and several students as supporting informants. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, consisting of reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the implementation of Akidah Akhlak learning is effective in shaping students’ religious character, although challenges remain in terms of time allocation and methodological variation. The teacher’s main strategies include exemplary modeling, moral habituation, and value discussions. The key supporting factors are the school’s religious environment and strong institutional support. The study concludes that Akidah Akhlak learning at MTs Negeri 2 Wonosobo significantly contributes to the formation of students’ moral and spiritual character.

TINJAUAN LITERATUR: PENYEMPURNAAN PROSES PENEMPAAN LOGAM DENGAN ANALISIS TEGANGAN DAN TEMPERATUR

Ibnu Rosyid Ridwana — 2025-12-11

Variations in billet temperature often lead to uneven stress and heat distribution on the dies during closed-die hot forging. This review aims to identify the die regions that are most vulnerable to excessive loading and to examine how thermal conditions influence the quality of the forged product. The literature analyzed includes studies that combine finite element simulations with actual forging trials carried out at different heating temperatures. The findings consistently show that the die edges experience the highest stress concentrations, particularly when forging is performed at lower billet temperatures, which increases the likelihood of local plastic deformation. In contrast, temperatures within the optimal range promote smoother metal flow, more complete die filling, and a longer die service life. Overall, this review highlights the crucial role of proper billet temperature control in maintaining dimensional accuracy and ensuring stable forging performance.

ANALISIS MOTIVASI DAN KESADARAN BELAJAR WARGA BELAJAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT DI PKBM TAMAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT

Anisa Nur Baidah Ginting — 2025-12-11

. This study aims to analyze the motivation and learning awareness of learners at the Community Learning Center (PKBM) Taman Belajar Masyarakat (Community Learning Center), Jl. Pukas Raya No. 36, Bandar Klippa Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, from the perspective of the Community Education Philosophy. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, interviews with administrators, tutors, and learners, and photographic documentation. The results indicate that the motivation and learning awareness of learners are diverse and partly low, especially among participants who participate in the program solely to obtain a diploma. Learners with intrinsic motivation are more active and consistent, while the role of tutors through a personal approach and interactive learning methods has proven significant in increasing participation and learning awareness. These findings confirm that the success of learning in PKBM is influenced by the synergy between learners' internal motivation, tutor support, and a conducive learning environment, in line with the principles of empowerment and independence in the community education philosophy.

Prediksi Akurat Output Daya Jangka Pendek PLTS Menggunakan Algoritma Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Berbasis Data Cuaca Real-Time

Elvin Frans Aritonang — 2025-12-11

Accurate short-term power output forecasting for Photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial for electricity grid management and energy trading. This study proposes and validates a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, a Deep Learning architecture, for forecasting PV power output 1-hour ahead using historical and real-time weather variables (irradiance, temperature, humidity, and wind speed). The model is compared against the conventional Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models. One year of 15-minute performance data from a 50 kWp rooftop PV system was utilized for model training and testing. Evaluation results demonstrated that the LSTM model significantly outperformed the ARIMA and SVM models in terms of accuracy metrics. The LSTM model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 5.5% and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 7.8% of the nominal capacity, substantially lower than the comparative models, especially under fluctuating weather conditions (partial cloudiness). The superiority of LSTM lies in its ability to capture the complex temporal dependencies between weather variables and power output, a major challenge for traditional statistical models. This research confirms that the integration of Deep Learning offers a more robust and accurate solution for PV power forecasting, supporting grid operators in achieving higher reliability and operational efficiency.

UJI TOKSISITAS EKTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS JANGKRIK (GRYLLIDAE)

Saepudin Rahmatullah — 2025-12-11

Kebutuhan akan bahan pangan yang semakin meningkat mendorong intensifikasi di sektor pertanian. Dalam praktiknya, upaya dalam peningkatan produksi pertanian seringkali dihadapkan dengan kendala serangan hama dan serangga. Banyak petani yang masih bergantung pada penggunaan insektisida sintetis dan digunakan secara berlebihan dan terus-menerus sehingga menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif, seperti retensi hama, resurjensi, dan ancama terhadap organisme non-target. Kondisi ini mendorong pencarian alternatif pengendalian hama yang lebih aman dan berkelanjutan, salah satunya adalah dengan memanfaatkan insektisida nabati. Daun pepaya diketahui mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang bersifat toksik terhadap serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji toksisitas ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) terhadap mortalitas jangkrik (Gryllidae) serta mengetahui pengaruh berbagai tingkat konsentrasi ekstrak terhadap jumlah jangkrik yang mati. Penelitian dilakuka dengan metode maserasi daun pepaya dan pengujian toksisitas selama dua hari. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan empat tingkat konsentrasi ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya pada rentang konsentrasi yang diuji belum mampu meningkatkan mortalitas jangkrik secara signifikan. Mortalitas hanya terjadi pada konsentrasi tertinggi dengan persentase yang sangat rendah. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya masih belum memberikan efek toksik yang cukup kuat terhadap jangkrik, sehingga diperlukan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi atau metode ekstraksi yang berbeda untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih efektif.

OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM DALAM MEMBERIKAN INFORMASI PUBLIK OLEH KECAMATAN BANJARSARI KABUPATEN CIAMIS

Fazar Ariangga — 2025-12-11

This research is motivated by the finding that the Optimization of Instagram Social Media Utilization in Providing Public Information by Banjarsari Subdistrict, Ciamis Regency has not run optimally due to limited internet coverage, limited human resources managing social media, the absence of dedicated staff fully responsible for information publication, as well as a lack of consistency in updating content. The research problem in this study is: How is the optimization of Instagram social media utilization in providing public information by Banjarsari Subdistrict, Ciamis Regency. The data sources in this research consist of 6 informants. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data analysis techniques used in this study include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The Research Results and Discussion show that the Optimization of Instagram Social Media Utilization in Providing Public Information by Banjarsari Subdistrict, Ciamis Regency has not been optimal. This is due to several obstacles, such as limited human resources, and the fact that posting information on Instagram is carried out by only one person. The content of the posts is also less attractive because there has not been any highly innovative development along with limited human resources. The community’s limited access to social media, especially for residents who do not own devices or are not active Instagram users, causes the conveyed messages to not reach all layers of society. There is low community participation in these activities, limited equipment and human resources capable of producing creative content with good quality, limited directed content planning, a lack of evaluation regarding the effectiveness of information dissemination, and minimal human resources who understand digital communication strategies. Overall, it has still not run optimally.

EFEKTIVITAS BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDes) DALAM MENDUKUNG LITERASI DIGITAL PRODUK USAHA MASYARAKAT DI DESA KERTAHARJA KECAMATAN CIJEUNGJING KABUPATEN CIAMIS

Aceng Nursobah — 2025-12-12

This research is motivated by the low digital literacy of MSMEs in Kertaharja Village, Cijeungjing District, in the digital era that demands the ability to utilize information technology in marketing and business development. Although digital technology opens up wider market opportunities, most village MSMEs still run their businesses conventionally due to limited access, lack of training, and minimal understanding of the use of online platforms. Of the 152 existing MSMEs, only 25% have utilized digital media. BUMDes as a village economic institution has a strategic role in supporting the digitalization of community businesses, but the digital literacy program implemented is still not optimal. This condition encourages the need for research to analyze the effectiveness of BUMDes in supporting digital literacy of community business products and identifying obstacles and opportunities for digital-based village economic development. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in supporting digital literacy of community business products in Kertaharja Village, Cijeungjing District, Ciamis Regency. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive method through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques, with six informants consisting of village officials, BUMDes administrators, and business actors who use and do not use digital technology. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the effectiveness of BUMDes in supporting digital literacy has not been optimal in five dimensions. In the dimension of goal achievement, the number of training participants and the level of digital skills improvement are still low. From the aspect of operational efficiency, the utilization of digital facilities is not optimal. In the dimension of program relevance, training materials do not fully match the needs of MSMEs. Stakeholder satisfaction is also not high due to the lack of follow up mentoring. As for the dimension of program sustainability, BUMDes still faces budget and human resource limitations. Overall, BUMDes has made efforts to support community digital literacy, but its effectiveness still needs to be improved through ongoing training, strengthening facilities, and programs that are more relevant to the needs of business actors.

PENGARUH SUPERVISI AKADEMIK TERHADAP KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN DI MADRASAH ALIYAH SYARIFUDDIN LUMAJANG

Halimatus Sa’diyah — 2025-12-11

This study aims to analyze the influence of academic supervision on the quality of learning at Madrasah Aliyah Syarifuddin Lumajang. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative correlational survey design involving 36 teachers as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation, and then analyzed using SPSS version 27. The findings indicate that the implementation of academic supervision is in the high category, as is the quality of learning achieved by teachers. The regression test shows a t-value of 3.853, which is higher than the t-table value of 2.032, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, confirming a positive and significant influence of academic supervision on learning quality. The coefficient of determination (30.4%) further demonstrates that academic supervision contributes to improving the learning quality at the madrasah.

Karakter dan Moral Warga Belajar dalam Pendidikan Nonformal: Analisis Perilaku SiswaPaket A, B, dan C di PKBM Kreatif dari Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Masyarakat

Evika Kartika Sari Lawolo — 2025-12-12

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakter dan moral warga belajar pada program Paket A, B, dan C di PKBM Kreatif dengan menggunakan perspektif filsafat pendidikan masyarakat. Fokus kajian adalah nilai, sikap, perilaku, serta perubahan moral peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran nonformal. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tutor PKBM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik memiliki sopan santun yang tinggi, kerja sama yang baik, dan penghargaan terhadap tutor meskipun terdapat perbedaan usia. Perbedaan karakter juga terlihat pada masing-masing paket, dipengaruhi oleh usia, tanggung jawab pekerjaan, serta pengalaman putus sekolah. Lingkungan keluarga dan pergaulan terbukti berpengaruh kuat terhadap sikap moral warga belajar, terutama bagi mereka yang kurang mendapatkan kesempatan bersosialisasi. PKBM berupaya menanamkan karakter dan moral melalui keteladanan, motivasi, pembiasaan, kegiatan sosial, dan pembelajaran kolaboratif. Tantangan terbesar adalah keterbatasan waktu belajar serta beragamnya latar belakang peserta didik, termasuk keberadaan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini menegaskan peran PKBM sebagai ruang pendidikan masyarakat yang humanis dan transformatif dalam membentuk karakter warga belajar.

PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAPAS DALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI: LITERATURE REVIEW

Nita Yulianti H — 2025-12-12

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis dengan prevalensi tinggi dan berpotensi menimbulkan komplikasi serius, sehingga memerlukan penanganan yang tepat dan berkesinambungan. Salah satu pendekatan nonfarmakologis yang sering digunakan adalah teknik relaksasi napas dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas teknik tersebut dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi melalui kajian pustaka. Metode yang digunakan berupa literature review dengan penelusuran artikel melalui Google Scholar dan Portal Garuda. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa seluruh studi yang dianalisis melaporkan adanya penurunan tekanan darah sistolik maupun diastolik setelah penerapan teknik relaksasi napas dalam, dengan mayoritas nilai p < 0,05 yang menandakan efek signifikan. Pembahasan mengungkapkan bahwa teknik ini bekerja melalui aktivasi sistem saraf parasimpatis, penurunan aktivitas simpatis, serta pengurangan hormon stres, sehingga berkontribusi pada penurunan tekanan darah. Kendati demikian, faktor seperti tingkat kecemasan, pola hidup, dan konsumsi garam dapat memengaruhi efektivitas intervensi. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Menggunakan Strategi Literasi Berpikir Lantang pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi

Adrian Ripaldi Simbolon — 2025-12-11

Keterampilan memecahkan masalah, berpikir kritis, dan literasi dasar peserta didik di Indonesia, termasuk di SMAN 4 Jayapura, masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang dipadukan dengan strategi literasi berpikir lantang (Think Aloud) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah, berpikir kritis, dan literasi dasar peserta didik di kelas XI-E SMAN 4 Jayapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tindakan kelas dengan pengumpulan data melalui tes tulis, lembar observasi, dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik setelah penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang dipadukan strategi literasi berpikir lantang. Peserta didik yang sebelumnya berada pada kategori rendah dalam keterampilan berpikir, mengalami peningkatan ke kategori lebih tinggi setelah mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan berpikir lantang. Selain itu, strategi literasi berpikir lantang membantu peserta didik dalam mengungkapkan proses berpikir mereka secara verbal dan mengaitkan pengetahuan dengan konteks masalah yang relevan. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi beberapa kendala dalam penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang dipadukan dengan strategi literasi berpikir lantang, seperti manajemen waktu yang tidak optimal, kondisi kelas yang kurang kondusif, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan kurang meratanya partisipasi peserta didik dalam diskusi. Kesimpulannya, pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang dipadukan dengan literasi berpikir lantang efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, meskipun membutuhkan perbaikan dalam pengelolaan waktu, pengondisian kelas, dan penyediaan sumber daya untuk optimalisasi pembelajaran.

PENERAPAN NILAI NILAI FILSAFAT PANCASILA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK PAKET C KELAS XII DI SKB KOTA BINJAI

Latifah Zahra — 2025-12-13

This study aims to describe the implementation of Pancasila philosophical values in shaping the character of 12th-grade students of the Paket C program at SKB Kota Binjai. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that Pancasila values have been effectively implemented through habituation, tutor role modeling, collaboration, deliberation, and digital ethics. The value of divinity is practiced through prayer and religious attitudes; humanity is reflected in mutual respect and empathy; unity is shown through cooperation; democracy appears in classroom discussions and deliberation; and social justice is demonstrated through discipline and responsibility. In conclusion, SKB Kota Binjai has successfully internalized Pancasila values, shaping students to be more ethical, responsible, and democratic.

Analisis Patologi Sosial terhadap Kasus Pencurian Ringan di Lingkungan Kos Mahasiswa

Citra Nanda Purba — 2025-12-13

This study analyzes the phenomenon of petty theft occurring in a student boarding house environment through the perspective of social pathology. The research is motivated by repeated incidents of minor theft that disrupt the sense of security and social order among students living in kost. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with several student residents who experienced or witnessed petty theft. The findings reveal that petty theft behaviors are influenced by economic pressure, opportunity factors, weak social control, and low moral awareness. The behavior is categorized as a form of social pathology because it violates norms, disrupts social harmony, and leads to distrust among residents. The study also highlights the impacts experienced by victims, including financial loss, anxiety, and decreased social cohesion. Preventive efforts identified include strengthening social control, increasing awareness among residents, and improving the security system within the boarding environment. This research contributes to understanding how social pathology manifests in everyday student life and offers insights for prevention in similar environments.

PENGARUH RENDAM KAKI DENGAN AIR HANGAT TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI: LITERATURE RIVIEW

Intanputripitriani — 2025-12-13

Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan angka kesakitan tinggi sehingga diperlukan intervensi non-farmakologis yang efektif dan mudah diterapkan. Rendam kaki air hangat diketahui dapat menurunkan tekanan darah melalui vasodilatasi. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas terapi rendam kaki air hangat terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Metode: Literature review dilakukan melalui pencarian artikel di Google Scholar dan Portal Garuda menggunakan kata kunci “rendam kaki air hangat”, “tekanan darah”, dan “hipertensi”. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi penelitian quasi-eksperimen tahun 2020–2025, melibatkan penderita hipertensi, intervensi rendam kaki air hangat, dan tersedia full text. Artikel yang memenuhi syarat dianalisis menggunakan PRISMA. Hasil: Seluruh artikel menunjukkan bahwa rendam kaki air hangat efektif menurunkan tekanan darah. Beragam desain penelitian seperti one-group pretest–posttest dan non-equivalent control group tetap menghasilkan temuan yang konsisten. Sebagian besar penelitian melaporkan penurunan tekanan darah yang signifikan. Pembahasan: Penurunan tekanan darah dipengaruhi oleh vasodilatasi perifer dan efek relaksasi akibat paparan air hangat. Terapi ini murah, aman, mudah dilakukan, dan dapat diterapkan secara mandiri, sehingga relevan sebagai intervensi pendukung bagi penderita hipertensi, terutama yang memiliki keterbatasan akses atau kepatuhan terhadap farmakoterapi. Kesimpulan: Rendam kaki air hangat terbukti efektif menurunkan tekanan darah dan layak direkomendasikan sebagai intervensi non-farmakologis dalam pengelolaan hipertensi.

this Pendekatan Pembelajaran Deep Learning Sebagai Paradigma Baru dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka

mohammad mohan — 2025-12-13

This study explores the relevance of deep learning as an instructional approach within the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, using a qualitative literature review methodology. Findings indicate strong alignment between deep learning and the curriculum’s core principles particularly its emphasis on meaningful understanding, critical thinking, conceptual integration, and reflective engagement. Instructional models such as project-based, inquiry-based, and problem-based learning emerge as effective enablers of deep learning. Nevertheless, key challenges remain, including varying levels of teacher preparedness, insufficient infrastructure, and ethical considerations surrounding digital technology use. The study thus underscores the need for sustained teacher professional development, equitable access to learning resources, and responsible, ethically grounded integration of educational technology. Overall, deep learning offers a robust and actionable framework for advancing the transformative goals of the Independent Curriculum.

Problematika Implementasi Dasar-Dasar Kependidikan dalam Praktik Pembelajaran

Mizra Tri Hapsari — 2025-12-12

The fundamentals of education are a crucial theoretical and philosophical foundation for the implementation of the learning process. This concept encompasses an understanding of educational objectives, the role of teachers, student characteristics, the curriculum, and learning methods and strategies. However, in the real world, the application of the fundamentals of education often faces various challenges. This article aims to analyze the problems in applying the fundamentals of education in learning practices and identify the factors that influence them. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various sources such as books and scientific journal articles related to the field of education. The results of this study indicate that challenges in implementing the fundamentals of education arise from differences between theoretical concepts and real-life classroom situations. Some of the main problems that arise include teachers' lack of understanding of the fundamentals of education, limited pedagogical competence, lack of ability to design student-focused learning, and the influence of educational policies that tend to be administrative in nature. In addition, learning environment factors, the condition of facilities and infrastructure, and differences in student characteristics also complicate the process of maximally implementing educational concepts. The impact of these problems is low learning effectiveness and the achievement of educational goals. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve educators' understanding of the fundamentals of education through ongoing training, reflection on learning practices, and synergy between theory and practice. This is expected to make the application of the fundamentals of education more effective and relevant to current educational needs.

STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DIFERENSIASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK UNTUK MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN HETEROGENITAS SISWA MTS MA’ARIF GONDANG

Afifah Afni Novalia — 2025-12-13

Learning in the subject of Akidah Akhlak is inherently faced with heterogeneous student characteristics, including differences in academic ability, learning styles, interests, family background, and readiness to comprehend religious concepts. These variations require teachers to implement instructional strategies that can accommodate diverse learning needs so that every student experiences meaningful and effective learning. Differentiated instruction serves as an approach that provides varied learning opportunities through the adaptation of content, process, and product based on individual student needs. In the context of Akidah Akhlak learning, differentiation enables teachers to adjust the delivery of faith and moral values in ways that are relevant and accessible for students with diverse abilities. This approach not only promotes inclusivity but also enhances student engagement, comprehension of religious principles, and internalization of moral character. This article aims to describe the urgency, implementation practices, and benefits of differentiated instruction in Akidah Akhlak learning as an effort to meet the heterogeneity of students in madrasah settings.

Pokeener: Sistem Aiot Untuk Otomatisasi Konversi Sampah Organik Menjadi Bioetanol Dalam Mendukung Ekonomi Sirkular Berkelanjutan.

Hendry Dwi Jatmiko — 2025-12-14

Organic waste originating from food leftovers, leaves, wood, and other natural materials accounts for approximately 60–70% of the total 67.8 million tons of waste generated in Indonesia in 2020. This large proportion indicates significant potential for organic waste to be converted into bioethanol, an environmentally friendly renewable fuel that also reduces environmental pollution. Bioethanol offers a green energy solution to decrease dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) technology plays an important role in optimizing the bioethanol production process. The system integrates artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) devices to automatically monitor and control fermentation conditions. Key sensors used include the DS18B20 for temperature monitoring, HI1131B for pH measurement, MQ-3 for ethanol gas detection, and DHT11 for humidity monitoring. Sensor data are processed using supervised learning algorithms to automatically adjust process parameters. This study involves laboratory experiments, SolidWorks-based simulations, and literature review, resulting in an efficient bioethanol production system that supports a sustainable circular economy.

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI KUDAIRENG DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN KADER DA’I DI PESANTREN TEBUIRENG JOMBANG

Arifah Qolbiyah — 2025-12-13

This research analyzes the communication strategy of Kudaireng organization in preparing da'I cadres in Tebuireng Jombang pesantren. This type of research is qualitative using organizational communication theory. The focus of this research are: (1) How is Kudaireng's communication strategy in preparing da'I cadres at the Tebuireng Jombang pesantren? (2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors of Kudaireng's organizational communication in the process of preparing da'I cadres at the Tebuireng Jombang pesantren? This study has the following objectives; (1) To find out and describe the organizational communication strategies that Kudaireng has in preparing da'I cadres at the Tebuireng Jombang pesantren, (2) To find out and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors of Kudaireng's organizational communication in the process of preparing da'I cadres at the Tebuireng Jombang pesantren. This research is also descriptive because it describes theories and opinions related to organizational communication strategies that are applied. In this study, the object of research is Kudaireng's organizational communication strategy in preparing da'I cadres at Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School. The research subjects are the coaches, administrators, and members of Kudaireng in Tebuireng Jombang Islamic boarding school.

OPTIMALISASI KEAMANAN PENGGUNAAN PERANGKAT DIGITAL BAGI ANAK DI SANGGAR SUNGAI DELI: TINJAUAN NILAI-NILAI FILSAFAT PANCASILA DALAM PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT

Destri Natalia Telaumbanua — 2025-12-13

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana anak-anak di Sanggar Anak Sungai Deli (SASUDE) menggunakan perangkat digital secara aman dengan menjadikan nilai-nilai Filsafat Pancasila sebagai dasar etika dalam pendidikan masyarakat. Walaupun anak-anak tidak memiliki perangkat digital pribadi, mereka sesekali memanfaatkan telepon seluler orang tua untuk hiburan. Paparan yang terbatas ini tetap menimbulkan potensi risiko seperti akses terhadap konten yang tidak sesuai usia, kurangnya pengawasan, serta minimnya pemahaman tentang etika digital. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur dari tujuh jurnal dan lima buku akademik, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai Pancasila khususnya sila kedua dan kelima—relevan sebagai fondasi pembentukan perilaku digital yang aman, bertanggung jawab, dan beradab. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan perlunya integrasi literasi digital berbasis Pancasila dalam kegiatan pendidikan masyarakat untuk memperkuat keamanan digital anak di SASUDE.

Efektivitas dan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Zakat BAZNAS Kabupaten Banyumas Berdasarkan PSAK 109”

Eli Susanti — 2025-12-14

This study aims to assess the efficiency of zakat fund management and the accountability of the financial reports of BAZNAS Banyumas Regency for the period 2021 to 2024. The method chosen is descriptive quantitative by analyzing financial report documentation for a four-year period. Data were analyzed using efficiency ratios, operational ratios, zakat fund distribution ratios, and an assessment of the suitability of financial report presentation following PSAK 109. The findings of this study indicate that zakat fund management is efficient because the average efficiency ratio is below 30%, which is the ideal limit. In terms of accountability, financial reports have been prepared in accordance with PSAK 109, although there are still some shortcomings in terms of the completeness of financial report records and online information access. Overall, BAZNAS Banyumas has managed zakat funds well, but still needs to improve digital transparency.

MENGOPTIMALKAN KONSEP MADRASAH DAN PESANTREN BERLANDASAN FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Aulan Nuriyah — 2025-12-14

Madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools are two models of Islamic education that have developed in Indonesia, each with their own characteristics and strengths. Madrasahs integrate religious and general education, while Islamic boarding schools place greater emphasis on in-depth religious teaching with a boarding school pattern and the tradition of the kyai as the center of education. Although both have great potential in educating a generation that is faithful and knowledgeable, separate management and non-synergistic curricula result in less than optimal educational outcomes. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the existing conditions without manipulating the data, thereby producing a true understanding. This study discusses how to optimize the concepts of madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools through the integration of management and curriculum based on the philosophy of Islamic education, which prioritizes a balance between religious and general knowledge. The results of the study show that the synergy between madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools can strengthen the quality of Islamic education rooted in the Qur'an and Sunnah and the integral value of tawhid, thereby producing a generation with character, knowledge, and readiness to face the challenges of the times.

MENUMBUHKAN CINTA AL-QUR’AN PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PENDEKATAN BERMAIN DAN BERCERITA

Laelatu Saadiah — 2025-12-16

Menanamkan kecintaan terhadap Al-Qur’an sejak usia dini merupakan langkah penting dalam membangun fondasi spiritual anak. Pada masa perkembangan awal, anak belajar melalui aktivitas bermain, pengalaman konkret, dan penyampaian cerita yang menarik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konsep cinta Al-Qur’an pada anak usia dini serta menganalisis efektivitas pendekatan bermain dan bercerita dalam pembelajaran Al-Qur’an di lembaga PAUD. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan menganalisis literatur terkait perkembangan anak, metode pendidikan Islam, serta model pembelajaran kreatif berbasis bermain. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perpaduan aktivitas bermain dan bercerita menjadikan proses pengenalan Al-Qur’an lebih menyenangkan, bermakna, dan sesuai dengan karakteristik perkembangan anak. Guru dan orang tua memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang religius, hangat, dan interaktif sehingga anak dapat tumbuh dengan kecintaan yang alami terhadap Al-Qur’an.

ANALISIS HUKUM SENGKETA SERTIFIKAT GANDA BERDASARKAN UU NO. 30 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG ADMINISTRASI PEMERINTAHAN DAN PP NO. 24 TAHUN 1997

Resa Sinta — 2025-12-16

Land certificates are an essential legal instrument that provides legal certainty over land rights and serves as the primary basis for land transactions in Indonesia. However, administrative weaknesses in the land registration system often lead to the issuance of duplicate land certificates for the same object, which results in legal uncertainty, ownership disputes, and a decline in public trust toward the state. Disputes over duplicate certificates constitute a serious legal problem because they involve administrative negligence, potential abuse of authority, and complex legal consequences across administrative, civil, and criminal domains. This research focuses on the analysis of the settlement of duplicate land certificate disputes based on Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. The method used in this study is normative legal research, employing a statute approach and a case approach to examine relevant regulations and judicial decisions related to duplicate certificates. The results of the study indicate that the issuance of duplicate certificates reflects violations of the principles of good governance, particularly legal certainty, accuracy, and accountability. Therefore, land officials are required to exercise greater diligence and responsibility in the land registration process. Through proper application of administrative law principles and effective dispute resolution mechanisms, legal certainty and justice for affected parties can be restored in accordance with the rule of law.

KREATIVITAS GURU PAI DALAM MERANCANG KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROJEK PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA (P5) PADA SISWA KELAS 8 SMPN 3 KERTEK WONOSOBO

'Azzam Haikal Makhfudh — 2025-12-16

The Merdeka Curriculum positions the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) as a key instrument in character education through experiential learning. In this context, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers play a strategic role, as they are responsible not only for delivering religious knowledge but also for integrating Pancasila values aligned with Islamic teachings. This study aims to describe the creativity of PAI teachers in designing P5-based learning activities, analyze the achievement of such creativity among eighth-grade students, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation at SMPN 3 Kertek Wonosobo. This study employed a qualitative approach with a field research design and a descriptive method. Research subjects included PAI teachers, the school principal, and eighth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that PAI teachers demonstrated creativity in designing contextual and religiously meaningful project-based learning activities, such as Mosque and School Clean-Up Actions, Ramadan Charity Programs, and Literacy Projects on Tolerant Muslim Figures. The achievements of teacher creativity were reflected in increased student participation, strengthened religious and social character, responsibility, and collaborative literacy skills. Supporting factors included institutional support, teacher motivation, and student enthusiasm, while inhibiting factors involved limited facilities, time constraints, and varying student abilities.

Analisis Proksimat Pada Bolu Kukus Dari Tepung Biji Durian

Elissandra Bange — 2025-12-16

Steamed sponge cake is a popular traditional snack widely enjoyed by the public. Generally, steamed sponge cake is made from wheat flour, which contains high carbohydrate levels. In this food product, the high carbohydrate content leads to rapid carbohydrate digestion, causing an increase in blood sugar levels, which is not beneficial for health. Therefore, this research formulated durian seed flour and cornstarch in a 50:50 ratio, which was the best formulation from previous organoleptic tests. Durian seeds were processed into durian seed flour, which has a highly beneficial nutritional content for health. The objectives of this study were to determine the carbohydrate, protein, and fat content and to utilize the research results as a learning medium in the form of a poster. In this study, three treatment repetitions were conducted for each test under the same conditions. Carbohydrate content was determined using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 460 nm, protein content was determined using the micro-Kjeldahl method, and fat content was determined using the Soxhlet extraction method. The results obtained in this study showed that the proximate nutritional content of the steamed sponge cake was 44.0102% carbohydrate, 28% protein, and 23.01% fat. With a sufficiently high fiber content, the resulting glycemic index can be categorized as low, thus it can be used to meet the needs of individuals with DMT-2.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN READ, ANSWER, DISCUSS, EXPLAIN AND CREATE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS IV UPT SPF SD INPRES HARTACO INDAH KOTA MAKASSAR

Nur Israh Kimyuni Annas — 2025-12-17

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang masalah kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV UPT SPF SD Inpres Hartaco Indah Kota Makassar. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu action research, dengan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus I, aktivitas guru dan siswa masih berada pada kategori cukup dengan persentase masing-masing 63,33% dan 73,8%, serta hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa belum mencapai indikator keberhasilan yaitu 40%. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan tindakan pada siklus I, penelitian perlu dilanjutkan ke siklus II karena indikator keberhasilan belum tercapai baik pada aspek proses maupun hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan karena adanya perbaikan nyata pada proses pembelajaran. Aktivitas guru meningkat dari 63,33% menjadi 86,66%, ditunjukkan oleh pelaksanaan langkah RADEC yang lebih lengkap dan bimbingan yang lebih terarah. Aktivitas siswa juga meningkat dari 73,8% menjadi 86,5%, terlihat dari keterlibatan siswa yang lebih aktif dalam membaca, menjawab, berdiskusi, dan menjelaskan materi. Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa naik dari 40% menjadi 92%, yang tampak pada kemampuan siswa dalam memberikan alasan logis, menganalisis informasi, dan menarik kesimpulan secara tepat. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran RADEC terbukti meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis secara signifikan pada siswa kelas IV UPT SPF SD Inpres Hartaco Indah Kota Makassar.

Hubungan Bahasa dan Pikiran dalam Perspektif Sintaksis dan Pragmatik

Fika Rahmayani — 2025-12-16

This study examines the relationship between language and thinking from the perspectives of syntax and pragmatics. Language is not only used for communication but also reflects how humans organize thoughts and concepts. From a syntactic perspective, patterns and rules in grammar show how humans organize ideas in an orderly manner. From a pragmatic perspective, language use depends on the social situation, the purpose of speaking, and the understanding of meaning, which indicates how the thought process occurs in interactions. This study uses a qualitative approach by seeking information from various books and articles discussing linguistics and the philosophy of language. The results show that the relationship between language and thought is mutually influential: thoughts shape the way language is structured, while language influences how humans think and understand the world. In conclusion, syntax and pragmatics are two important, complementary parts in explaining the relationship between language structure and human thought processes.

TRANSFORMASI ADAT RESAM PERNIKAHAN MELAYU JAMBI DI ERA MODERN: KAJIAN LAPANGAN TENTANG PERGESERAN NILAI DAN MAKNA BUDAYA DI DESA OLAK KEMANG

Nirwan ll Yasin — 2025-12-18

This study aims to examine the transformation and continuity of traditional wedding customs among the Malay community in Olak Kemang Village, Jambi. Traditional wedding ceremonies reflect the cultural values and social identity of the Malay people, passed down through generations. However, modernization has brought about adaptations in its practice. This research employs a qualitative ethnographic approach through field observations, interviews with traditional leaders, and documentation of wedding ceremonies. The results show that several traditional elements, such as the berinai ritual and the menyambut besan ceremony, have been simplified, while cultural symbols like wedding attire and traditional music remain preserved as identity markers of the Jambi Malays. Modernization affects the form of performance, yet social values such as mutual cooperation, respect for elders, and communal harmony remain at the core.

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP TINDAKAN PIDANA BULLYING SERTA DAMPAKNYA DI LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH

Muhamad Zacky Wiby Piandy — 2025-12-19

Bullying is a type of negative behavior frequently encountered in schools and has the potential to lead to legal consequences as it can be considered a crime. This research aims to analyze criminal acts of bullying from a legal perspective and their effects in the educational environment based on applicable regulations in Indonesia. The methodology used in this study is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach. Data collection was carried out through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The results of this study indicate that acts of bullying, whether physical, verbal, or psychological, meet the criteria for criminal offenses in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Code and Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The effects of bullying in schools include mental health issues, a decline in academic performance, and the formation of an unsupportive educational atmosphere. Therefore, there is a need for enhanced law enforcement and active involvement of educational institutions in preventing and addressing bullying to ensure the protection of children's rights.