Analysis of Technical Competency Degradation Risks in Developers Due to AI Code Assistant Usage: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jirs.v3i2.10626Keywords:
AI code assistant, degradasi kompetensi, deskilling, developer, etika profesi, Analysis of Technical Competency Degradation Risks in Developers Due to AI Code Assistant Usage: A Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Adopsi luas AI code assistant seperti GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, dan Amazon CodeWhisperer telah mentransformasi alur kerja pengembangan perangkat lunak secara signifikan. Meskipun alat-alat ini menawarkan peningkatan produktivitas yang terdokumentasi, termasuk penyelesaian tugas hingga 55% lebih cepat, penggunaannya yang tidak kritis menimbulkan risiko serius terhadap kompetensi teknis developer yang masih kurang dikaji dalam literatur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis risiko degradasi kompetensi teknis developer akibat penggunaan AI code assistant melalui tinjauan kepustakaan sistematis. Literatur dikumpulkan dari ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dalam rentang 2020–2026, diseleksi menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan, dan dianalisis secara tematik. Temuan mengidentifikasi empat bentuk utama degradasi kompetensi: (1) deskilling, yaitu erosi kemampuan teknis fundamental akibat delegasi kognitif berulang kepada AI; (2) cognitive passivity, kondisi developer berhenti melakukan penalaran algoritmik aktif terutama dalam mode eksplorasi; (3) silent unlearning, hilangnya kompetensi secara diam-diam terutama pada developer berpengalaman; dan (4) misleading sense of competence, ilusi kompetensi akibat keberhasilan menghasilkan kode dengan bantuan AI. Risiko ini dipengaruhi oleh lima faktor: tingkat pengalaman developer, mode penggunaan AI, skala dan kompleksitas proyek, praktik verifikasi output, serta ketersediaan pelatihan formal. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa degradasi kompetensi bukan sekadar masalah teknis, melainkan berimplikasi pada pelanggaran standar etika profesi yang ditetapkan ACM dan IEEE. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa AI code assistant harus diadopsi secara kritis dan reflektif demi menjaga kompetensi teknis dan tanggung jawab profesional.
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