GAMBARAN FAKTOR RISIKO MORTALITAS PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DENGAN DIABETES MELITUS YANG DIRAWAT INAP DI RSUD RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jirs.v3i2.12205Keywords:
COVID-19, Diabetes Melitus, mortalitas, NLR, D-Dimer, derajat keparahanAbstract
Pendahuluan: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan komorbid yang secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko mortalitas pada pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan faktor-faktor risiko mortalitas pada pasien COVID-19 dengan DM yang dirawat inap di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2020–2022.Tujuan: Menggambarkan karakteristik dan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas (usia, tekanan darah, kadar gula darah, HbA1c, rasio neutrofil-limfosit, kadar D-Dimer, dan derajat keparahan) pasien COVID-19 dengan DM berdasarkan status akhir. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik total sampling menggunakan data rekam medis. Sebanyak 104 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Dari 104 pasien, 74,0% dinyatakan hidup dan 26,0% meninggal. Proporsi kematian tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok HbA1c <7% (53,8%), NLR ≥6 (51,1%), derajat berat/kritis (48,6%), dan D-Dimer tinggi (31%), sedangkan usia, kadar gula darah, dan tekanan darah tidak menunjukkan perbedaan proporsi kematian yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: NLR tinggi, D-Dimer tinggi, dan derajat keparahan berat/kritis menunjukkan proporsi kematian yang lebih besar pada pasien COVID-19 dengan DM, sedangkan usia, kadar gula darah, dan tekanan darah tidak.
References
Altin, Z., & Yilmaz, H. (2022). The effect of diabetes mellitus on disease prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 5(?), 2619–2624.
Arinia, R. (2021). Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and the degree of COVID-19 in RSUD dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung.
Bode, B., Garrett, V., Messler, J., McFarland, R., Crowe, J., Booth, R., & Klonoff, D. C. (2020). Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 14(4), 813–821.
Fenty, F., & Sukorini, U. (2024). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on admission to predict mortality of COVID-19 elderly patients. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory, 30(2), 191–197.
Husain, A. A. (2022). Prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di praktik dokter keluarga Kota Manado. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas dan Tropik.
Iba, T., Connors, J. M., & Levy, J. H. (2020). The coagulopathy, endotheliopathy, and vasculitis of COVID-19. Inflammation Research, 69(12), 1181–1189.
Kandinata, S. G., Soelistijo, S. A., Pranoto, A., & Triyono, E. A. (2023). Random blood glucose, but not HbA1c, was associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—A retrospective study. Pathophysiology, 30, 136–143.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Laporan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023.
Kumar, A., Arora, A., Sharma, P., Anikhindi, S. A., Bansal, N., Singla, V., Khare, S., & Srivastava, A. (2020). Is diabetes mellitus associated with mortality and severity of COVID-19? A meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(4), 535–545.
Kusumawati, M., Cundarani, R., Fatma, Z. H., et al. (2023). The effect of diabetes mellitus on COVID-19 mortality among patients in a tertiary-level hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. PLoS ONE.
Kyala, N. J., Mboya, I., Shao, E., Sakita, F., Kilonzo, K. G., & Shirima, L. (2025). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic indicator in COVID-19: Evidence from a northern Tanzanian cohort. PLoS ONE, 20(1), e0300231.
Maddaloni, E., D’Onofrio, L., Alessandri, F., Mignogna, C., Leto, G., & Pascarella, G. (2020). Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is associated with a worse COVID-19 prognosis than individual cardiometabolic risk factors: A multicentre retrospective study (CoViDiab II). Cardiovascular Diabetology, 19(1), 164.
Mahamat-Saleh, Y., Fiolet, T., Rebeaud, M. E., Mulot, M., Guihur, A., & El Fatouhi, D. (2021). Diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, smoking and COVID-19-related mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ Open, 11(10), e052777.
Mehta, P. B., Kohn, M. A., Koliwad, S. K., & Rushakoff, R. J. (2021). Lack of association between either outpatient or inpatient glycemic control and COVID-19 illness severity or mortality in patients with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 9(1), e002203.
Mejía, F., Medina, C., Cornejo, E., Morello, E., Vásquez, S., & Alave, J. (2020). Oxygen saturation as a predictor of mortality in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 in a public hospital in Lima, Peru. PLoS ONE, 15(12), e0244171.
Nikolich-Žugich, J. (2018). The twilight of immunity: Emerging concepts in aging of the immune system. Nature Immunology, 19(1), 10–19.
Nugroho, A. W., Tajudin, T., & Kurniawati, M. (2024). Analisis potensi interaksi obat pasien rawat inap COVID-19 dengan komorbid diabetes melitus di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Wonosobo. Jurnal Farmamedika, 9(1), 1–8.
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. (2021). Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dewasa di Indonesia 2021. PB PERKENI.
Purnami, N. K. R. (2024). Predictor of death in elderly patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study at RSUP Prof Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Udayana, 8(1), 24–31.
Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Cardona-Ospina, J. A., Gutiérrez-Ocampo, E., Villamizar-Peña, R., Holguin-Rivera, Y., & Escalera-Antezana, J. P. (2020). Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 34, 101623.
Sherwani, S. I., Khan, H. A., Ekhzaimy, A., Masood, A., & Sakharkar, M. K. (2016). Significance of HbA1c test in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients. Biomarker Insights, 11, BMI.S38440.
Skwiersky, S., Rosengarten, S., Meisel, T., Macaluso, F., Chang, M., & Thomson, A. (2022). Sugar is not always sweet: Exploring the relationship between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 in a predominantly African American population. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 10(4), e002692.
Smati, S., Tramunt, B., Wargny, M., Gourdy, P., Hadjadj, S., & Cariou, B. (2022). COVID-19 and diabetes outcomes: Rationale for and updates from the CORONADO study. Current Diabetes Reports, 22, 53–63.
Surendra, H., Elyazar, I. R., Djaafara, B. A., Ekawati, L. L., Saraswati, K., & Adrian, V. (2021). Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 9, 100108.
Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X., & Sun, Z. (2020). Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 18(4), 844–847.
Wang, J., Li, Q., Yin, Y., Zhang, Y., Cao, Y., & Lin, X. (2020). Excessive neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 2063.
Wennas, V. V., Bakhtiar, A., Yusuf, M., & Effendi, W. I. (2025). The predictive factors of mortality in COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: A retrospective study from Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia, 45(2), 113–120.
Wiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J., & Prescott, H. C. (2020). Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review. JAMA, 324(8), 782–793.
World Health Organization. (2024). WHO COVID-19 dashboard. https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases?n=c
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., & Liu, H. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475–481.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL ILMIAH RESEARCH STUDENT
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
