SIPKOM: RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PEMBERI PAKAN KOLAM OTOMATIS TERPADU BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) DAN WEBSITE UNTUK MONITORING KUALITAS AIR DAN PAKAN IKAN SECARA REAL-TIME
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v4i5.12620Keywords:
Internet of Things, ESP32, automatic feeder, water quality monitoring, aquaculture, monitoring websiteAbstract
Budi daya ikan air tawar dan air payau sangat bergantung pada konsistensi pemberian pakan dan kestabilan kualitas air kolam, khususnya nilai pH dan suhu. Pada praktik di lapangan, khususnya pada mitra budi daya ikan di Desa Gugut, Kecamatan Rambipuji, Kabupaten Jember, pemberian pakan masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga rawan terlambat atau tidak konsisten, sementara pemantauan kualitas air jarang dilakukan karena keterbatasan alat ukur. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun SIPKOM (Sistem Pemberi Pakan Kolam Otomatis Terpadu), yaitu sistem pemberi pakan otomatis berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32 yang terintegrasi dengan sensor proximity, sensor pH, dan sensor suhu, serta terhubung ke aplikasi website untuk monitoring dan kontrol jarak jauh. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan meliputi tahap analisis kebutuhan, perancangan arsitektur sistem tiga lapis (perangkat keras, firmware, dan aplikasi web), perakitan dan pengkabelan komponen, pemrograman firmware, perancangan basis data dan REST API, hingga kalibrasi sensor dan mekanisme penakar pakan. Hasil pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa SIPKOM mampu menakar pakan pada rentang 300–350 gram per proses melalui kalibrasi durasi motor penakar, membaca kondisi air kolam pada rentang pH 6,5–8,5 dan suhu 24–30°C, serta mengirimkan data secara berkala ke server melalui protokol HTTP REST API. Website SIPKOM menyediakan empat fitur utama, yaitu dashboard monitoring real-time, manajemen jadwal pakan, riwayat pemberian pakan, dan fitur pemberian pakan manual. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi ketergantungan pada pemberian pakan manual, meningkatkan konsistensi kualitas air, serta mempermudah pencatatan riwayat pemberian pakan bagi pembudidaya ikan.
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