SIMULASI NUMERIK PERFORMA TURBIN KAPLAN PLTMH KALIBENING DENGAN VARIASI BUKAAN GUIDE VANE PADA RUNNER BASELINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v4i6.13303Keywords:
Computational Fluid Dynamics; Guide Vane; Hydraulic Efficiency; Kaplan Turbine; Runner BladeAbstract
The utilization of the hydraulic potential of Kalibening Spring in Magelang Regency with a discharge of 5.96 m³/s and a head of 8.15 m requires a precise Kaplan turbine design. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in guide vane opening angle (39° and 58°) on the mechanical performance and fluid flow patterns of the runner baseline (0°) using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Simulations were conducted under steady-state conditions with the k-ω SST turbulence model at a rotational speed of 428 rpm. The results indicate that guide vane angle adjustments significantly impact energy extraction efficiency. The optimal operation was achieved at a 58° guide vane opening, producing a peak torque of 6311 Nm, mechanical power of 282.9 kW, and hydraulic efficiency of 59.4%. Conversely, a 39° guide vane opening induced a choking effect, severely limiting momentum transfer. Pressure contour analysis identified localized extreme negative static pressure at the hub and blade tip, representing critical cavitation-prone zones. Alignment between fluid angle of attack and blade profile proved to be the key factor in maximizing turbine performance.
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