JOURNAL SAINS STUDENT RESEARCH

Kedudukan Anak Perempuan dalam Sistem Waris Adat Batak Toba dan Hukum perdata barat: Analisis Keadilan dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional dan Hak Asasi Manusia

2026-05-08T18:26:35+00:00

Keberagaman sistem hukum kewarisan di Indonesia mencerminkan masih berlakunya pluralisme hukum, khususnya antara hukum waris adat dan hukum perdata barat. Salah satu persoalan yang sering menjadi perhatian adalah kedudukan anak perempuan dalam hukum waris adat Batak Toba yang berlandaskan sistem kekerabatan patrilineal. Dalam sistem tersebut, anak laki-laki dipandang sebagai penerus marga dan pewaris utama keluarga, sedangkan anak perempuan pada umumnya tidak memperoleh hak waris yang setara. Kondisi ini berbeda dengan ketentuan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata) yang menempatkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan pada posisi yang sama sebagai ahli waris tanpa membedakan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kedudukan anak perempuan dalam hukum waris adat Batak Toba dan hukum perdata barat, membandingkan kedua sistem tersebut dalam perspektif keadilan hukum nasional dan hak asasi manusia, serta menelaah kemungkinan harmonisasi antara hukum adat dan hukum nasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan yang mencakup bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum waris adat Batak Toba lebih menitikberatkan pada kepentingan kolektif dan keberlangsungan garis keturunan marga, sedangkan hukum perdata barat menekankan prinsip persamaan hak, kepastian hukum, dan kesetaraan gender. Dalam perspektif hukum nasional dan hak asasi manusia, pembatasan hak waris terhadap anak perempuan dapat dipandang bertentangan dengan asas non-diskriminasi dan persamaan di hadapan hukum. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan upaya harmonisasi hukum yang tetap menghormati nilai-nilai adat sekaligus memberikan perlindungan hak yang adil dan setara bagi perempuan.

Rancang bangun kendali beban listrik berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)

2026-05-09T16:49:47+00:00

Electrical overload in small-scale power installations may cause equipment damage and increase fire risk. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical load control system by applying a priority logic mechanism. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a prototyping development model. The system is developed using an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, a PZEM-004T current sensor for current measurement, and relay modules for load disconnection. The Blynk application is utilized for real-time monitoring and remote load management. The results show that the system is capable of monitoring electrical current in real time and performing gradual load shedding based on predefined priority levels during overload conditions. This system provides an effective solution to improve electrical safety and efficiency in load management

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN DASAR JARINGAN KOMPUTER PADA SISWA SISWI SD KARANGDADAP

2026-05-10T10:32:38+00:00

This study discusses the importance of understanding basic computer networks and the internet in the modern digital era where the world is increasingly connected. The rapid development of information and communication technology has made computer networks and the internet essential in supporting communication, education, business, and access to information. The objective of this research is to describe the concept of a connected world and explain the role of computer networks and the internet in everyday life. This research uses a descriptive method with a literature study approach. Data were collected from books, journals, and learning materials related to computer networks and internet usage. The results show that the internet provides significant benefits in various fields such as communication, education, entertainment, and business. However, the study also highlights negative impacts including addiction, the spread of hoaxes, and cyberbullying. The findings indicate that these impacts are closely related to how computer networks operate through hardware, software, transmission media, and data delivery mechanisms. The implication of this research emphasizes the importance of teaching computer network fundamentals and promoting responsible internet usage, especially for students, to maximize benefits and minimize risks in the digital environment.

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PALIATIF PADA Ny. R DENGAN CA MAMMAE METASTASIS PARU DI RUANG JASMINE RUMAH SAKIT Hj. BUNDA HALIMAH BATAM

2026-05-09T08:48:08+00:00

Breast cancer with lung metastasis is an advanced-stage condition that causes physical and psychological problems requiring comprehensive palliative care. The purpose of this paper was to describe the implementation of palliative nursing care for Mrs. R with breast cancer and lung metastasis in Jasmine Ward at Hj. Bunda Halimah Hospital Batam. The method used was a case study approach through the nursing process including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment results showed acute pain, ineffective breathing pattern, anxiety, imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements, risk of shock, and risk of infection. Nursing interventions included pain management, oxygen therapy, wound care, psychological support, nutritional support, and family education. After 3×24 hours of nursing care, pain and dyspnea decreased, the patient appeared calmer, although several nursing problems were not fully resolved due to disease progression. In conclusion, palliative nursing care can improve comfort and quality of life in patients with breast cancer and lung metastasis.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK DENGAN RESEP PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS HUMANIORA DAN ILMU SOSIAL UNIVERSITAS BALI DWIPA TAHUN 2025

2026-05-09T11:26:47+00:00

Pemakaian antibiotik yang berlebihan serta penyalahgunaan antibiotik oleh masyarakat umum merupakan kontributor utama terhadap meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik, yang merupakan masalah utama dalam kesehatan dunia. Meskipun banyak penelitian menyoroti mahasiswa dan tenaga kesehatan, masih terbatas kajian yang meneliti bagaimana mahasiswa non-kesehatan memahami dan menggunakan antibiotik secara rasional. Studi ini bermaksud guna menganalisa hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku penggunaan antibiotik dengan resep dokter pada mahasiswa non-kesehatan di Fakultas Humaniora dan Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Bali Dwipa. Sebanyak 69 partisipan dipilih secara acak dari stratified random sample untuk desain cross-sectional studi kuantitatif ini. Kuesioner yang bisa dipercaya serta baku yang mengukur pengetahuan serta perilaku penggunaan antibiotik dipakai dalam menghimpun data. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan hubungan ditentukan dengan analisa statistik memakai pengujian Chi-Square dengan ambang batas signifikansinya 0,05. Temuan studi memperlihatkan bahwasanya di antara mahasiswa, 40,6% mempunyai pengetahuan yang sedang, 34,8% mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi, serta 43,5% bertindak secara bertanggung jawab dalam menggunakan antibiotik. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara pengetahuan serta perilaku (p = 0,000) dalam pengujian Chi-Square, yang mengindikasikan bahwasanya mereka yang mempunyai pemahaman yang lebih baik memakai antibiotik secara lebih rasional. Dalam hal penggunaan antibiotik secara rasional, pengetahuan adalah kekuatan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya intervensi edukatif bagi mahasiswa non-kesehatan guna meningkatkan literasi kesehatan dan mencegah penyebaran resistensi antibiotik melalui penggunaan obat yang bijak

Mitigasi Risiko Investasi Saham : Studi Kasus Initial Public Offering (IPO) di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2025

2026-05-19T01:15:05+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi mitigasi risiko investasi saham Initial Public Offering (IPO) di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2025 di tengah meningkatnya dominasi investor ritel muda dan tingginya volatilitas pasar perdana. Pertumbuhan jumlah investor domestik yang pesat tidak sepenuhnya diimbangi oleh peningkatan literasi keuangan dan pemahaman risiko investasi, sehingga memunculkan kecenderungan perilaku spekulatif seperti herd behavior, overconfidence bias, dan fear of missing out (FOMO). Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan studi kasus terhadap dinamika pasar IPO tahun 2025, khususnya pada emiten yang mengalami volatilitas ekstrem pasca-listing. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia (KSEI), prospektus emiten, serta publikasi ilmiah terkait. Teknik analisis dilakukan melalui content analysis terhadap prospektus IPO dan analisis deskriptif terhadap perilaku pasar serta performa saham pasca-IPO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya pemahaman investor terhadap mekanisme pasar perdana dan sekunder meningkatkan risiko terjadinya winner’s curse dan overvaluation pada saham IPO. Selain itu, tingginya eksposur media sosial dan fenomena oversubscription sering kali mendorong keputusan investasi yang tidak rasional. Penelitian ini merumuskan empat strategi mitigasi risiko utama bagi investor ritel, yaitu analisis prospektus secara mendalam, evaluasi reputasi underwriter dan auditor, integrasi aspek Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), serta penerapan diversifikasi portofolio dinamis. Strategi tersebut diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas pengambilan keputusan investasi dan memperkuat perlindungan investor di pasar modal Indonesia.

Pemanfaatan Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Membentuk Sikap Toleransi Peserta Didik

2026-05-20T14:57:51+00:00

This study examines the role of multicultural education in shaping students’ tolerance attitudes in diverse societies. The research is motivated by the increasing cases of intolerance, discrimination, and social conflict in educational environments, which indicate the need for strengthening students’ understanding of diversity. The objective of this study is to analyze how multicultural education contributes to the development of tolerance among students. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by collecting and analyzing relevant scientific sources such as journals, books, and academic publications from the last decade. Data analysis is conducted through content analysis, including literature selection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that multicultural education plays a significant role in fostering tolerance, empathy, and respect for differences among students. It not only enhances cognitive understanding of diversity but also develops affective and behavioral aspects, such as openness, cooperation, and social awareness. However, challenges remain, including limited teacher understanding, insufficient learning resources, and lack of policy support. The study implies that integrating multicultural education into curricula, classroom practices, and extracurricular activities is essential to create inclusive and harmonious educational environments. Therefore, multicultural education is a relevant and effective approach to building tolerant, humanistic, and socially responsible students in multicultural societies.

Implementasi Konsep Pariwisata Halal Pada Sektor Perhotelan dan Restoran Serta Strategi Pengembangan di Indonesia

2026-05-20T22:37:47+00:00

Halal tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors, driven by the increasing needs of Muslim travelers for services that comply with Islamic principles. Indonesia, as a country with a Muslim-majority population, has significant potential to develop this sector, particularly in the hotel and restaurant industries, which play an important role in supporting tourism activities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of halal tourism concepts in the hotel and restaurant sectors and to identify the challenges and development strategies in Indonesia. The method used is a literature review by examining various sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant reports published within the last five years. The results show that the implementation of halal tourism has been carried out through the provision of prayer facilities, assurance of halal food and beverages, and services that support the comfort of Muslim travelers. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including limited human resources, uneven halal certification, lack of public awareness, and suboptimal regulatory and infrastructure support. In addition, promotion and branding of halal tourism still need to be strengthened to reach a wider market. Therefore, integrated development strategies are needed, including improving human resource quality, strengthening regulations, accelerating halal certification, and optimizing promotion and collaboration among stakeholders. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the government and business actors in developing halal tourism that is more competitive, inclusive, and sustainable in Indonesia.

Implementasi Kebijakan Kartu Indonesia Pintar dalam Meningkatkan Akses Pendidikan bagi Mahasiswa Kurang Mampu di Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

2026-05-21T00:08:34+00:00

Access to higher education for the underprivileged is still a serious challenge in Indonesia, especially in areas with relatively high poverty rates such as Gorontalo Province. The Indonesia Smart College Card Program (KIP-Lecture) is present as a government policy instrument to answer this problem. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the KIP-Lecture policy in improving access to education for underprivileged students at Gorontalo State University. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with 10 student informants who received KIP-Lecture, documentation studies, and observations. The results of the study show that the implementation of KIP-Lecture at UNG has gone well from the four dimensions of Edward III's theory, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This program has proven to have a significant impact on improving access to education through three strategic functions, namely as an enabler that opens up college opportunities for those who were previously underprivileged, a sustainer who maintains the continuity of studies, and a protector who protects the most vulnerable groups such as orphan students who rely on this program for all their living needs. In 2025, there will be 2,275 UNG students with the status of KIP-Lecture recipients. This research emphasizes that KIP-Lecture is not just a scholarship program, but a strategic policy instrument in realizing social justice in the field of higher education.

PENERAPAN FOOD SAFETY PADA PENGOLAHAN PRODUK DIMSUM DI RESTORAN XIANG FU HAI VASA HOTEL SURABAYA

2026-05-21T01:35:16+00:00

Background: Food safety is a crucial aspect of the food industry that involves cleanliness, sanitation, and food handling practices to prevent contamination and maintain product quality. Common errors in food handling—such as storage at improper temperatures, inadequate cooking, cross-contamination, and poor personal hygiene—can lead to foodborne illnesses.

Purposes: This research aims to determine the implementation of food safety in the processing of dim sum products at Xiang Fu Hai Restaurant, Vasa Hotel Surabaya.

Methods: The methodology employed in this study is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques involving observation, interviews, and documentation.

Result: Xiang Fu Hai Restaurant has complied with Food Safety principles, ranging from the receipt of raw materials and storage processes to preparation, processing, and serving. However, several field obstacles remain, such as a lack of staff understanding regarding hygiene and sanitation procedures.

Conclusion: Routine training and consistent supervision are necessary to enhance staff awareness and discipline in implementing food safety protocols optimally.

Tinjauan Literatur Formulasi Sabun Cuci Piring Cair Berbasis Ekstrak Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) sebagai Pelarut Lemak Alami

2026-05-19T13:29:38+00:00

Synthetic-based dish soaps are widely used in household activities but have the potential to cause negative impacts on the environment and skin health due to the use of chemical surfactants. Safer, more environmentally friendly alternatives are needed by utilizing natural ingredients such as lime (Citrus aurantifolia), which contains active compounds limonene, flavonoids, and citric acid as natural fat solvents. This study aims to analyze and synthesize various research findings regarding the formulation of liquid dish soap based on lime extract, including its effectiveness in fat dissolution and physical product characteristics. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with literature searches through Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases covering the 2020–2026 period, yielding 20 relevant articles that were analyzed descriptively and comparatively. The results show that the optimal concentration of lime extract (10%) produces a suitable pH and the best cleaning power. Limonene content has been shown to improve emulsion stability and accelerate fat degradation, while the cold saponification method is better able to maintain natural bioactive compounds compared to the hot method. The type of vegetable oil (moringa oil, VCO, olive oil) and the balanced concentration of NaOH/KOH also significantly affect soap quality. Furthermore, the utilization of waste cooking oil as a raw material supports the circular economy and reduces environmental impact by up to 80%. In conclusion, liquid dish soap formulations based on lime extract have great potential as effective, safe, and sustainable cleaning products. Further research is needed, including field-scale tests, long-term stability tests, skin irritation tests, and life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis to support product commercialization.

NARRATIVE REVIEW: PEMANFAATAN KALSIUM KARBONAT DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG TELUR DALAM PRODUK RUMAH TANGGA RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

2026-05-19T13:46:10+00:00

Eggshell waste is a type of household organic waste that has not been optimally utilized and has the potential to cause environmental pollution. In fact, eggshells contain very high calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), reaching 90–97%, enabling them to be processed into various environmentally friendly and economically valuable household products. This study aims to comprehensively review the utilization of calcium carbonate from eggshell waste in environmentally friendly household products. The method used was a narrative review with literature searches through the Google Scholar database covering the 2019–2025 period, yielding 20 relevant articles that were systematically analyzed. The results show that eggshells are effectively utilized in agriculture as organic fertilizer to neutralize soil pH, in environmental applications as adsorbents for heavy metals, and in household products such as antibacterial toothpaste, aromatherapy candles, natural abrasive materials, and various aesthetically valuable crafts. The success of this utilization is greatly influenced by processing methods, particle size, calcination temperature, and material purity. In conclusion, eggshell waste has great potential as an alternative raw material supporting the concepts of zero waste, circular economy, and sustainable development. Further research is needed on long-term product stability, industrial-scale cost-benefit analysis, and safety tests for direct human applications.

PERAN TEORI BELAJAR KOGNITIVISTIK TERHADAP PROSES BERPIKIR PESERTA DIDIK

2026-05-21T15:39:44+00:00

This study looks at how cognitive learning theory helps students better understand how they learn. Cognitivist learning theory focuses on the mental activities inside our heads, like thinking, remembering, understanding, and solving problems, as the main parts of how we learn. This study talks about what cognitive learning theory means, highlighting important people like Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, David Ausubel, and Robert M. Gagne and different kinds of cognitive theories that have come about in education. This study also looks at the cognitive learning approach, which aims to help students improve their active thinking skills. It does this by using methods like meaningful learning, discovery learning, and organizing information. The study's results show that using cognitive theory is very important for helping students gain a better understanding, enhance their critical thinking abilities, and grow their problem-solving skills. So, cognitive learning theory can be a helpful basis for building a learning process that is more meaningful and focused on the students.

Pengaruh Redesain Kebijakan Kelas Rawat Inap Standar (KRIS) terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Medis Pasien JKN di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah

2026-05-20T12:56:23+00:00

The Standard Inpatient Class policy (Kelas Rawat Inap Standar/KRIS) is a major step toward transforming Indonesia's National Health Insurance (JKN) system. The core goal is to remove the gap in service quality that was once tied to membership class. Under the old system, patients were placed in wards based on how much premium they paid. KRIS replaces that structure with a single minimum standard covering 12 criteria that focus on patient safety and infection prevention. This study aims to examine how the KRIS policy redesign affects the quality of medical services received by JKN patients at Regional General Hospitals (RSUD), covering aspects such as facility readiness, human resources, financing mechanisms, patient satisfaction, and barriers to implementation. This study uses a simple qualitative approach through document analysis and field observation at RSUD. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with hospital staff and JKN patients, supplemented by observation of ward conditions and review of relevant policy documents. The findings show that infrastructure gaps remain a significant problem. Only 15.87% of beds at RSUD Kota Bandung met all 12 KRIS criteria as of July 2024, while private pilot hospitals reached 100%. Limited budgets, shortage of trained staff, and lack of physical space are the main barriers. Digital services through the Mobile JKN application show a strong link with patient satisfaction, particularly in the efficiency dimension (r=0.748). Performance-based capitation at primary health facilities also has a positive but variable effect depending on available resources. The study concludes that achieving equitable medical service quality under KRIS requires coordinated support from regional budgets, policy harmonization, workforce development, and broad public communication.

Mazahib At-Tafsir: Konstruksi Epistemologis dan Peta Aliran Dalam Tradisi Penafsiran Al-Qur'an

2026-05-22T02:04:16+00:00

The interpretive plurality in the study of the Qur'an reflects fundamental differences in the way of answering fundamental questions of hermeneutics that have a direct impact on the law, ethics, and social life of the Muslim community. This research aims to identify the main streams of interpretation along with their epistemological and methodological characteristics, analyze the theoretical and intellectual genealogy foundations of each stream, examine the tensions between streams in their historical development, and formulate an integrative framework for the development of contemporary interpretation methodologies. The method used is qualitative with a library research approach and data analysis through three stages: descriptive-analytical content analysis, comparative analysis, and integrative synthesis. This study found five main schools of mazahib al-tafsir with distinctive epistemological characteristics, namely al-tafsir bil-ma'tsur which relies on the authority of transmission, al-tafsir bil-ra'yi which activates rational ijtihad, al-tafsir al-ishari which prioritizes the esoteric-spiritual dimension, al-tafsir al-'ilmi which connects the text with the findings of modern science, and al-tafsir al-maudhu'i which prioritizes thematic coherence. The dialectical tension between flows is patterned on two main axes, namely between textual authority and contextual relevance, and between transmission and transformation. This research has implications for the need for an integrative approach that recognizes the legitimacy of each school according to its function while establishing a clear methodological hierarchy in the study of interpretation

Tanggung Jawab Orang Tua dalam Perspektif Hadis: Analisis Tematik atas Kasus Kekerasan Ibu Tiri terhadap Anak Tiri

2026-05-21T03:46:21+00:00

This study examines the responsibility of parents from the perspective of hadith, motivated by the case of TR's stepmother violence against her stepson, Nizam Savei (12 years old), in Sukabumi which led to the victim's death in early 2026. The research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research and thematic method (maudhu'i), through four stages of analysis: al-jam'u (collection of hadiths), al-tasnif (classification), al-tahlil (analysis of sanad and matan), and al-istinbath wa al-tathbiq (conclusion and contextual application). Primary data sources include hadiths from the al-sittah pole and case documentation from KPAI. The results of the study found that the act of persecution was a serious violation of the principles of ri'ayah, mas'uliyyah, la dharara wa la dhirar, and the absence of rahmah in family relations based on the hadith kullukum ra'in wa kullukum mas'ulun 'an ra'iyyatihi (HR. Bukhari no. 893 and Muslim no. 1829). Key findings confirm that child protection responsibilities in reconstituted families are multi-layered: stepmothers are bound by de facto custody obligations, while biological fathers retain unfettered parental responsibilities despite changes in family structure. This research contributes to filling the academic gap related to the distribution of parenting responsibilities in the reconstituted family from a hadith perspective.

Paradigma Konstruktivistik dalam Pembelajaran: Telaah Tokoh, Tipologi, dan Pendekatan Pedagogis

2026-05-23T13:26:47+00:00

This study aims to examine constructivist theory in learning, including its main figures, types of theories, and learning approaches relevant to modern education. Constructivist theory emphasizes that knowledge is actively constructed by learners through experience and interaction with their environment. The results of the study indicate that the key figures in constructivism include Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and Jerome Bruner, each contributing significantly to the development of learning theories. In addition, there are several types of constructivism, namely cognitive constructivism, social constructivism, and radical constructivism, which have different characteristics and emphases. In practice, constructivist learning approaches emphasize student-centered learning, active participation, experiential learning, and social interaction. Therefore, the application of constructivist theory in learning can enhance critical thinking skills, creativity, and learners’ independence, making it highly relevant for implementation at various levels of education in the modern era.

Refleksi Makna Kehidupan Dalam film Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini karya Marchella dan Lagu Rehat Kunto Aji

2026-05-21T13:59:16+00:00

The purpose of this study is to determine the form of the song rehat, to find out the meaning contained in the song rehat to find out the relationship of the song rehat with the film scene we will tell about today. The data analysis method used is a qualitative descriptive method with a Roland Barthes semiotic approach. The data sources of this study, namely the novel written by Marchella FP in 2018 and the film NKCTHI produced by Vinema Pictures and the lyrics of Kunto Aji's song obtained from the internet and audio. This writing was analyzed using reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The author read and watched the film NKCTHI and the lyrics of the song rehat, then noted the elements contained in the novel. The results of this study found 1) Reflection of the meaning of life from the film NKCTHI and the song Rehat; 2) The meaning of the meaning of denotation, connotation and myth from the film NKCTHI and the lyrics of the song Rehat.

Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Peserta Didik pada Materi Gunung Berapi melalui Media Interaktif dan Percobaan Sederhana di Kelas VIII SMP YP PGRI Disamakan Makassar

2026-05-22T06:52:43+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada materi gunung berapi melalui penerapan media interaktif dan percobaan sederhana di kelas VIII SMP YP PGRI Disamakan Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan McTaggart yang terdiri atas dua siklus, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VIII tahun ajaran 2025/2026. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media interaktif dan percobaan sederhana mampu meningkatkan keaktifan belajar peserta didik. Pada kondisi awal, peserta didik cenderung pasif, kurang fokus, dan kurang berpartisipasi dalam pembelajaran. Pada siklus I, penggunaan PowerPoint interaktif mulai meningkatkan perhatian dan keterlibatan peserta didik, meskipun belum optimal. Pada siklus II, melalui percobaan sederhana gunung api bikarbonat, peserta didik menjadi lebih aktif bertanya, berdiskusi, melakukan percobaan, dan mempresentasikan hasil pengamatan. Peserta didik juga menunjukkan antusiasme dan rasa ingin tahu yang lebih tinggi selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Dengan demikian, penerapan media interaktif dan percobaan sederhana dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada materi gunung berapi di kelas VIII SMP YP PGRI Disamakan Makassar.

Pendekatan Teori Humanistik dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Era Modern

2026-05-21T08:08:11+00:00

Pendekatan humanistik dalam pembelajaran menekankan pada pengembangan potensi peserta didik secara menyeluruh dengan memandang mereka sebagai individu yang unik dan memiliki kebebasan dalam belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep dasar teori humanistik, karakteristiknya, serta implementasi dan dampaknya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di era modern. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber literatur yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan humanistik dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab mampu menciptakan suasana belajar yang lebih nyaman, meningkatkan motivasi intrinsik, serta mendorong keterlibatan aktif peserta didik. Implementasi pendekatan ini dilakukan melalui peran guru sebagai fasilitator, pembelajaran berpusat pada peserta didik, pemanfaatan teknologi digital, penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang variatif, serta evaluasi yang bersifat holistik. Selain memberikan dampak positif terhadap perkembangan kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik, pendekatan ini juga memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, seperti kurangnya struktur pembelajaran dan kesulitan dalam evaluasi objektif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan keseimbangan antara kebebasan belajar dan pengelolaan pembelajaran yang terarah agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai secara optimal.

Peran Media Sosial dalam Membangun Citra Positif Perguruan Tinggi di Era Digital: Tinjauan Pustaka

2026-05-25T02:32:55+00:00

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong perguruan tinggi untuk memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai instrumen strategi dalam membangun dan mempertahankan citra positif institusi di tengah persaingan pendidikan tinggi yang semakin ketat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran media sosial dalam membangun citra positif perguruan tinggi di era digital melalui analisis terhadap berbagai temuan penelitian terdahulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur sistematis (systematic literatur review) dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran pustaka pada database ilmiah seperti Google Scholar, Neliti, SINTA, Taylor & Francis Online, dan Frontiers, dengan menggunakan kata kunci dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris. Sebanyak sembilan belas sumber pustaka yang diterbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2016 hingga 2026 dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang telah ditetapkan dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi serta analisis tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa media sosial memiliki peran sentral dalam pembentukan citra perguruan tinggi melalui empat aspek utama, yaitu strategi pengelolaan konten kreatif, pemanfaatan user-generated content dari mahasiswa dan alumni, diferensiasi penggunaan platform sesuai karakteristik audiens, serta strategi integrasi digital dalam perencanaan komunikasi humas institusi secara menyeluruh. Temuan juga mengungkapkan bahwa konten yang autentik dan berbasis pengalaman nyata terbukti lebih efektif dalam membentuk persepsi positif dan mempengaruhi keputusan calon siswa dibandingkan konten promosi berbayar. Konsistensi pengelolaan media sosial dalam jangka panjang berkontribusi pada terbentuknya ekuitas merek institusi yang kuat dan peningkatan kepercayaan publik. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi pengelola humas perguruan tinggi dalam merancang strategi komunikasi digital yang efektif, terukur, dan berkelanjutan.

Gambaran Perilaku Merokok Pada Siswa Sekolah

2026-05-23T11:58:53+00:00

Perilaku merokok pada siswa sekolah masih menjadi permasalahan sosial dan pendidikan yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan pertemanan, keluarga, serta lemahnya pengawasan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku merokok pada siswa sekolah serta menganalisisnya dalam perspektif patologi sosial. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif yang dilakukan di lingkungan sekolah dengan subjek siswa yang memiliki perilaku merokok serta pihak terkait lainnya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan model interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa mulai merokok karena rasa ingin tahu, pengaruh teman sebaya, serta kebiasaan merokok yang ditemukan dalam lingkungan keluarga. Aktivitas merokok umumnya dilakukan secara sembunyi-sembunyi di luar pengawasan sekolah dan sering dilakukan bersama kelompok pertemanan. Perilaku merokok memberikan dampak terhadap kedisiplinan, konsentrasi belajar, dan interaksi sosial siswa di lingkungan sekolah. Dalam perspektif patologi sosial, perilaku merokok pada siswa dipandang sebagai bentuk penyimpangan sosial karena bertentangan dengan norma kesehatan dan pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, upaya pencegahan memerlukan kerja sama antara sekolah, keluarga, dan masyarakat melalui pengawasan, layanan konseling, serta edukasi mengenai bahaya merokok. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan kontrol sosial dan penciptaan lingkungan pendidikan yang lebih sehat guna mencegah perilaku merokok pada siswa.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Materi Cerita Tentang Daerahku Kelas IV MIS Al-Jihad Palangka Raya

2026-05-25T09:07:39+00:00

This study aims to develop teaching materials based on differentiated learning on the material of Stories About My Region for fourth grade students of MIS Al-Jihad Palangka Raya. This research is motivated by the use of teaching materials that are still general and have not been able to accommodate differences in abilities, interests, and learning styles of students optimally. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Product validation is carried out by material experts and design experts, then tested on teachers and fourth grade students. The results of the study show that the teaching materials obtained a very feasible category with a percentage of validation from material experts of 97.2%, design experts of 93.1%, teacher assessment of 89.4%, and student assessment of 88.2%. The results of the effectiveness test show an increase in student learning outcomes as evidenced by the T test with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Furthermore, the N-Gain test results obtained an average of 0.88, categorized as high, and an effectiveness score of 83.19, categorized as effective. Thus, the differentiated learning-based teaching materials for the "Story About My Region" topic are declared feasible and effective for use in the learning process to improve student learning outcomes.

Implementasi Sensor DHT22 dan SHT31 di Ruang Komputer dan Perancangan Gedung Laboratorium Elektronika Polnep untuk Pengendalian AC (Air Conditioner) Otomatis

2026-05-24T12:04:25+00:00

Inefficient use of Air Conditioners (AC) in computer rooms leads to energy waste and potential device damage due to uncontrolled temperature. This study designs and implements an automatic AC control system based on an ESP32 microcontroller equipped with DHT22 and SHT31 temperature sensors in the Computer and Design Room of the Electronics Laboratory Building at Politeknik Negeri Pontianak. The system uses an IR transmitter module to send infrared signals to the AC, an I2C LCD to display data locally, and the Blynk IoT platform for remote monitoring. Test results show that the SHT31 sensor has higher accuracy with an average error of 2.16°C compared to the DHT22 sensor with an average error of 3.36°C. The system successfully monitors room temperature in real-time and controls the AC through the Blynk application, and can serve as a foundation for the development of a fully automatic temperature-based AC control system.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi pada Materi Keberagaman Budaya dan Kearifan Lokal di Kelas IV MI NU Palangka Raya

2026-05-27T03:34:54+00:00

This research was motivated by the diversity of students’ learning characteristics which requires teaching materials that accommodate students’ needs, interests, and learning abilities. The purpose of this study was to develop differentiated learning-based teaching materials on cultural diversity and local wisdom for fourth-grade students at MI NU Palangka Raya and to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed teaching materials. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the Four-D (4D) model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results showed that the developed teaching materials obtained a material expert validation score of 96.87% and a media expert validation score of 95.37%, both categorized as very feasible. Teacher responses reached 91.17% and student responses reached 90.92%, both categorized as very good. The N-Gain test results showed an average score of 0.62 in the moderate category, while the effectiveness percentage reached 61.61% in the fairly effective category. These findings indicate that differentiated learning-based teaching materials are feasible and fairly effective for use in science and social studies (IPAS) learning because they support contextual, engaging, and student-centered learning. This study implies that the development of differentiated learning-based teaching materials can serve as an alternative learning resource to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Sarapan Terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi Angkatan 2025 UIN Walisongo Semarang

2026-05-27T10:46:31+00:00

Breakfast is an important source of energy that supports brain function and learning concentration. However, many university students still skip breakfast due to busy schedules and lack of awareness regarding its importance. This study aimed to determine the effect of breakfast habits on the learning concentration of Biology Education students batch 2025 an UIN Walisongo Semarang. This research used a quantitative correlational approach with 74 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires related to breakfast habits and learning concentration. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression tests. The results showed that breakfast habits had a positive and significant effect on students’ learning concentration, with a Pearson correlation value of 0.519 and a significance value of < 0.001. The regression analysis indicated that breakfast habits contributed 26.9% to learning concentration, while the remaining percentage was influenced by other factors. Students who regularly consumed breakfast tended to have better concentration during lectures compared to those who rarely or never had breakfast. These findings indicate that breakfast plays an important role in supporting students’ academic readiness and learning performance. Therefore, students are encouraged to maintain regular and healthy breakfast habits to improve their concentration and academic achievement.

Analisis Kapabilitas Keamanan Sistem Informasi Perbankan dalam Menghadapi Evolusi Kejahatan Siber

2026-05-25T14:49:04+00:00

Transformasi digital dalam industri perbankan memberikan efisiensi layanan namun sekaligus memicu evolusi kejahatan siber yang semakin kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan ancaman siber pada sektor perbankan, mengevaluasi kapabilitas keamanan sistem informasi yang diterapkan, serta mengidentifikasi strategi peningkatan ketahanan siber di era digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur, yang menelaah berbagai jurnal ilmiah, laporan keamanan siber, dan dokumen standar keamanan informasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor perbankan menghadapi ancaman utama berupa phishing, malware/ransomware, serangan DDoS, dan social engineering. Meskipun perbankan telah mengintegrasikan teknologi modern seperti multi-factor authentication (MFA), firewall, dan kecerdasan buatan (AI) serta mengadopsi standar internasional seperti ISO 27001 dan NIST, faktor kesalahan manusia (human error) dan kompleksitas infrastruktur tetap menjadi tantangan utama. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menekankan bahwa strategi ketahanan siber masa depan harus melibatkan pendekatan komprehensif melalui konsep Zero Trust Security, penguatan tata kelola TI, peningkatan literasi keamanan, serta kolaborasi lintas sektor yang berkelanjutan

HUBUNGAN STIGMA KELUARGA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN PADA PASIEN GANGGUAN JIWA DI PUSKESMAS LANGSA BARAT

2026-05-26T11:48:58+00:00

Background: Mental disorders are a global health issue with widespread impacts, not only on individuals affected but also on their families and society. One of the factors influencing the success of mental disorder treatment is the level of stigma experienced by the patient's family. This stigma can affect the family's support for the patient's adherence to treatment.

Objective: General Objective: To determine the relationship between family stigma and medication adherence among patients with mental disorders at Langsa Barat Public Health Center.

Specific Objectives: To examine the relationship between family stigma and the level of medication adherence in patients with mental disorders at Langsa Barat Public Health Center.

Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 60 families of mental disorder patients selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through the Family Stigma Questionnaire and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and analyzed using the chi-square test.

Results: The study found that the majority of families experienced a moderate level of stigma (85%). Meanwhile, patient treatment adherence was categorized as high (33.3%), moderate (48.3%), and low (18.3%). Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between family stigma and treatment adherence in mental disorder patients (p-value = 0.07 > 0.05).

Conclusion: The majority of families of patients with mental disorders at the Langsa Barat Community Health Center experience a moderate level of stigma, which includes social discrimination, shame, and avoidance in social interactions. This stigma significantly affects the family's support for the patient. Most patients exhibit a moderate level of medication adherence. Family involvement plays a crucial role in improving medication adherence in patients with mental disorders. There is no significant relationship between family stigma and medication adherence in patients with mental disorders at the Langsa Barat Community Health Center.

KAJIAN YURIDIS NORMATIF TERHADAP KEWENANGAN PENGAWASAN DPRD PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN GOOD GOVERNANCE

2026-05-27T15:43:25+00:00

. Menganalisis kewenangan pengawasan DPRD Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dalam perspektif yuridis normatif serta mengidentifikasi kendala normatif dalam pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan guna mewujudkan good governance merupakan tujuan utama penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan analitis. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif.Menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan pengawasan DPRD Provinsi Sulawesi Utara secara normatif telah memiliki legitimasi konstitusional dan dasar hukum yang kuat berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa fungsi pengawasan DPRD merupakan bagian dari mekanisme checks and balances dalam sistem desentralisasi. Menegaskan pula bahwa kewenangan tersebut telah selaras dengan prinsip good governance, khususnya akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan supremasi hukum, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa implementasi pengawasan belum berjalan optimal akibat adanya normative gap berupa lemahnya pengaturan teknis, tidak adanya kewajiban tindak lanjut yang mengikat, belum tersedianya sanksi administratif, serta lemahnya integrasi antar lembaga pengawasan daerah.Merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi pengawasan, peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan DPRD, digitalisasi sistem pengawasan, dan pelibatan masyarakat dalam proses pengawasan, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan daerah yang transparan, akuntabel, dan efektif sesuai prinsip good governance.

Fenomena Perselingkuhan di Era Digital: Analisis Hukum Keluarga Islam Terhadap Kasus Publik Figur di Media Sosial

2026-05-27T16:22:04+00:00

The development of digital technology has transformed patterns of social interaction, including relationships within family life. Infidelity, which was previously associated with physical relationships, has now expanded into the digital sphere through social media, instant messaging applications, and various online platforms. This phenomenon has created new forms of non-physical relationships that nevertheless involve emotional intimacy and violations of marital commitment. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of digital infidelity from the perspective of Islamic family law, as well as to examine its causal factors and the legal and social implications arising in the era of social media. This research employed a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach through library research. The findings indicate that digital infidelity manifests in various forms, such as emotional cheating, intensive private communication, the use of anonymous accounts, and interactions that exceed proper boundaries through social media. The phenomenon is influenced by technological advancement, unfulfilled emotional needs, validation culture on social media, weak self-control, and changing patterns of social relations in digital society. From the perspective of Islamic family law, digital infidelity generally does not fulfill the physical elements of zina, and therefore cannot yet be fully categorized as a criminal offense under positive law. Nevertheless, such behavior is still regarded as an act approaching zina because it contradicts the values of fidelity, marital commitment, and the moral and social norms upheld in society. In addition to contributing to family conflict and marital breakdown, digital infidelity also generates broader social problems such as cyberbullying, viral exposure, and cancel culture on social media. Therefore, strengthening moral values, digital literacy, and ethical awareness in the use of social media is necessary to maintain family harmony amid the rapid development of digital technology.

Gerakan Sosial Berbasis Keagamaan dalam Penolakan Kandang Ayam di Cibetus Padarincang

2026-05-26T03:51:41+00:00

Abstract. This study analyzes how religious identity is reconstructed and mobilized by activists in the social movement opposing the construction of a large-scale chicken farm in Cibetus Village, Padarincang, Serang Regency, Banten, with the aim of explaining the role of religion as a moral framework, symbolic resource, and political language in local environmental conflict. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research focuses on capturing the lived experiences and subjective interpretations of activists who directly accompanied residents affected by environmental pollution, health risks, and criminalization. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with activists from various organizations, observations of religious and protest activities, and analysis of movement documents and media reports. The findings show that religious identity was not the initial cause of resistance but became increasingly central as the conflict escalated and formal political and legal channels were perceived as unresponsive. Religious practices such as pengajian, istighosah, collective prayers, and sermons functioned as spaces of moral reflection and social consolidation, enabling activists to transform environmental and health grievances into narratives of moral injustice, religious obligation, and collective responsibility to protect God’s creation. Through this process, religion provided moral legitimacy for resistance, strengthened solidarity, and helped construct a clear antagonistic boundary between “us” as a community of believers defending life, health, and the environment, and “them” as state and corporate actors associated with capital-oriented development. The study concludes that religious identity operates as a dynamic and contingent discursive resource that not only mobilizes collective action but also challenges dominant development narratives, contributing to a deeper understanding of religion, identity politics, and environmental movements in contemporary Indonesia.

Keywords: Religious Identity Mobilization; Social Movements; Environmental Conflict

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana identitas keagamaan direkonstruksi dan dimobilisasi oleh aktivis dalam gerakan penolakan pembangunan kandang ayam skala besar di Desa Cibetus, Kecamatan Padarincang, Kabupaten Serang, Banten, serta menjelaskan peran agama sebagai kerangka moral, sumber daya simbolik, dan bahasa politik dalam konflik lingkungan di tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi untuk menangkap pengalaman hidup dan pemaknaan subjektif para aktivis yang terlibat langsung dalam pendampingan warga yang terdampak pencemaran lingkungan, ancaman kesehatan, dan kriminalisasi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan aktivis dari berbagai organisasi, observasi terhadap praktik keagamaan dan aksi penolakan, serta analisis dokumen gerakan dan pemberitaan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identitas keagamaan bukanlah pemicu awal perlawanan, tetapi menjadi semakin sentral seiring eskalasi konflik dan tertutupnya jalur formal politik serta hukum yang dianggap tidak responsif terhadap keluhan warga. Praktik keagamaan seperti pengajian, istighosah, doa bersama, dan ceramah berfungsi sebagai ruang refleksi moral dan konsolidasi sosial yang memungkinkan aktivis mentransformasikan persoalan lingkungan dan kesehatan menjadi narasi ketidakadilan moral, kewajiban keagamaan, dan tanggung jawab kolektif untuk menjaga ciptaan Tuhan. Melalui proses tersebut, agama memberikan legitimasi moral bagi perlawanan, memperkuat solidaritas kolektif, serta membentuk batas antagonistik yang jelas antara “kami” sebagai komunitas warga beriman yang memperjuangkan kehidupan, kesehatan, dan lingkungan, dan “mereka” sebagai negara serta korporasi yang diasosiasikan dengan logika pembangunan berorientasi modal. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa identitas keagamaan merupakan sumber daya diskursif yang dinamis dan kontingen dalam mobilisasi gerakan sosial, sekaligus menantang wacana pembangunan dominan dalam konteks Indonesia kontemporer.

Kata kunci: Mobilisasi Identitas Agama; Gerakan Sosial; Konflik Lingkungan

PERAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA

2026-05-28T13:32:58+00:00

Mahkamah Konstitusi mempunyai peranan penting dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia karena bertugas menjaga agar setiap norma hukum tetap sesuai dengan konstitusi. Kehadiran lembaga ini merupakan hasil perubahan UUD 1945 yang bertujuan memperkuat prinsip negara hukum sekaligus menciptakan mekanisme checks and balances antar lembaga negara. Penelitian ini membahas posisi, kewenangan, dan pengaruh putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap stabilitas ketatanegaraan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif melalui kajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, dan berbagai literatur hukum tata negara yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi tidak hanya berwenang menguji undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945, tetapi juga berperan dalam menjaga keseimbangan kekuasaan serta mendorong perkembangan hukum nasional. Selain itu, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi memberikan dampak besar terhadap stabilitas ketatanegaraan. Di satu sisi, putusan tersebut mampu memperkuat kepastian hukum, namun di sisi lain juga dapat memunculkan dinamika baru dalam kehidupan politik dan hukum di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi salah satu unsur penting dalam menjaga keberlangsungan negara hukum yang demokratis.

OPERASIONAL PRODUKSI NASI TOMAT DI CATERING BU SAKINA BANGIL

2026-05-30T03:35:11+00:00

The production operations of tomato rice at Bu Catering Bu Sakina Bangil in the preparation stage, processing stage, and serving stage. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain an overview of the production operation stages of tomato rice at the catering business.The results showed that at the preparation stage, the activities began with preparing the raw materials, seasonings, and equipment needed, as well as checking the quality and quantity of the ingredients to ensure they matched production needs. This stage greatly influenced the smoothness of the subsequent production process. At the processing stage, the tomato rice was prepared systematically, starting from seasoning preparation, mixing the ingredients, to cooking the rice until fully done. This stage required accuracy in the use of ingredients, seasoning measurements, and cooking techniques in order to produce tomato rice with the expected taste, aroma, color, and texture. At the serving stage, the cooked tomato rice was served or packed according to customer orders while maintaining cleanliness, neatness, and portion suitability.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the production operations of tomato rice at Bu Catering Bu Sakina Bangil have been carried out in a structured manner through interconnected stages of preparation, processing, and serving in order to produce quality products.

Analisis Keamanan Sambaran Petir pada Mobil Berdasarkan Hukum Gauss dan Konsep Sangkar Faraday

2026-05-29T15:15:14+00:00

Based on Gauss's Law, the metal body of a car acts as a Faraday cage that protects passengers from lightning strikes by creating a zero electric field inside the cabin. This article analyzes these protection mechanisms and safety measures within Indonesia's tropical climate using a descriptive-analytical literature review method. The analysis reveals that the metal body effectively channels external electrical currents to the outer surface and to the ground, while rubber tires provide negligible protection. Consequently, composite or convertible vehicles are less safe and require Lightning Strike Protection (LSP) technology, such as NiCVs or carbon nanotube-based coatings, to replicate the Faraday cage effect. In conclusion, a closed metal-bodied car is a safe shelter from lightning provided windows are closed tightly and passengers avoid touching interior metal parts.

Analisis Morfologis Verba آمَنَ dalam Qs. Al-Baqarah Ayat 285: Kajian Wazn Berbasis Teori Ibn Faris

2026-05-29T13:13:03+00:00

Abstract. Linguistic analysis of the Qur'an represents one of the most significant approaches to understanding divine messages in depth. Among the branches of Arabic linguistics that play a major role in interpreting Qur'anic meaning is morphology (ilmu sharaf), the study of word structure and the semantic changes produced by alterations in word form. Within the Qur'an, verbs occupy a central position as the primary elements conveying action and the core meaning of a verse. One verb that merits particular examination is āmana (آمَنَ) in QS. Al-Baqarah verse 285, as it is directly related to the concept of faith (iman) in Islam. This study aims to analyze the morphological form of the verb āmana using Ibn Faris's wazn theory as the primary analytical framework. Ibn Faris, through his work Maqayis al-Lughah, emphasizes the relationship between a root word and its fundamental meaning. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research, drawing on classical sharaf texts, Arabic dictionaries, Qur'anic commentary (tafsir), and relevant academic journals. The study focuses on identifying the morphological form of the verb, its wazn pattern, and its semantic implications for the meaning of the verse. The findings reveal that the verb āmana is a fi'il mazid following the pattern af'ala (أَفْعَلَ). The addition of a hamzah at the beginning of the word shifts the meaning from amina (أَمِنَ) to "to believe" or "to have faith." Semantically, this form conveys an active and conscious engagement in the process of belief. These findings demonstrate that morphological analysis grounded in wazn theory can serve as a valuable approach to understanding the relationship between linguistic structure and theological meaning in the Qur'an.

Abstrak. Kajian linguistik terhadap Al-Qur'an merupakan salah satu pendekatan penting dalam memahami pesan-pesan ilahi secara mendalam. Salah satu cabang linguistik Arab yang berperan besar dalam memahami makna Al-Qur'an adalah morfologi atau ilmu sharaf, yaitu ilmu yang mengkaji struktur kata dan perubahan makna yang ditimbulkan oleh perubahan bentuk kata tersebut. Dalam Al-Qur'an, verba memiliki posisi penting karena menjadi unsur utama yang menggambarkan tindakan dan makna inti suatu ayat. Salah satu verba yang menarik dikaji adalah verba آمَنَ dalam QS. Al-Baqarah ayat 285 karena berkaitan langsung dengan konsep keimanan dalam Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk morfologis verba آمَنَ dengan menggunakan teori wazn Ibn Faris sebagai kerangka analisis utama. Ibn Faris melalui Maqayis al-Lughah menekankan hubungan antara akar kata dan makna dasarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka melalui kitab sharaf, kamus Arab klasik, kitab tafsir, dan jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada identifikasi bentuk morfologis verba, pola wazn, dan implikasi semantisnya terhadap makna ayat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa verba آمَنَ merupakan fi‘il mazid yang mengikuti wazn أَفْعَلَ. Penambahan hamzah pada awal kata menghasilkan perubahan makna dari أَمِنَ menjadi “beriman” atau “mempercayai”. Secara semantis, bentuk tersebut menunjukkan makna tindakan aktif dan kesadaran dalam proses keimanan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa analisis morfologis berbasis teori wazn dapat menjadi pendekatan penting dalam memahami hubungan antara struktur bahasa dan makna teologis dalam Al-Qur’an.