JOURNAL SAINS STUDENT RESEARCH

Pengaruh Edukasi Perawatan Luka Menggunakan Media Virtual Reality terhadap Pengetahuan Merawat Luka pada Keluarga Pasien di Ruang Sadewa 2 RSUP Surakarta

2026-03-03T08:57:33+00:00

Health education aims to improve patients' and families' understanding. The use of innovative media such as virtual reality is considered capable of providing a more interactive and immersive learning experience. The research aims to determine the effect of wound care education using virtual reality media on wound care knowledge among patients' families. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test-post- test. The sample was 32 respondents from families of patients with post-operative wounds. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The research instrument used a wound care knowledge questionnaire developed from standard wound care operating procedures. The results were analyzed using the marginal homogeneity test. The level of knowledge before education was mostly inadequate for 20 respondents (62.5%), and after education, it increased to sufficient for 22 respondents (68.75%). The marginal homogeneity test yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating an effect of wound care education using virtual reality on wound care knowledge among patients' families. Education using virtual reality effectively improved wound care knowledge among patients' families.

Analisis Peningkatan Kualitas Kemasan Lindomin 865 SL 200 ml Menggunakan Metode Statistical Process Control di Perusahaan Agrokimia Merak

2026-03-04T16:14:04+00:00

Industri agrokimia Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan pesat, termasuk perusahaan agrokimia di merak yang memproduksi herbisida Lindomin 865 SL. Namun, sepanjang 2024, tingkat kecacatan kemasan produk mencapai 3,12%, melampaui standar perusahaan sebesar 2%. Jenis cacat didominasi oleh tutup botol cacat (62%), label tidak sesuai (21%), dan botol reject (17%). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Statistical Process Control (SPC), didukung dengan diagram pareto, control chart, serta analisis fishbone dan 5W+1H untuk mengidentifikasi jenis, penyebab, dan solusi atas kecacatan produk. Data dikumpulkan dari seluruh kemasan Lindomin 865 SL di Line Filling 1 selama 12 bulan produksi 2024, menggunakan lembar pengecekan kualitas dan dokumen kontrol produksi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan akar masalah utama adalah ketidakkonsistenan dalam kontrol proses dan kurangnya pengawasan operator Hasil Implementasi SPC dan analisis 5W+1H mendorong rekomendasi berupa peningkatan pengawasan mutu dan pelatihan operator di lini produksi. Upaya perbaikan ini mampu menurunkan tingkat cacat dan meningkatkan kualitas produk, sehingga memenuhi standar mutu perusahaan. Penelitian ini menegaskan peran penting SPC dalam menjaga kualitas produk agrokimia secara berkelanjutan.

Sistem Informasi Manajemen Penjualan untuk Optimalisasi Lead Time Pelayanan Konsumen Menggunakan Metode Waterfall di CV. Buana Jaya Sentosa

2026-03-05T03:01:43+00:00

Buana Jaya Sentosa is a company engaged in the food wrapping and packaging industry, which still uses manual recording for its sales processes. This situation causes various operational obstacles, such as lengthy administrative processes, data recording errors, and communication barriers between departments. These problems directly impact long customer service lead times and reduce service quality. This study aims to implement a sales management information system as a solution to the problems of the manual sales process and to optimize customer service lead times. The system development method used is the Waterfall method, which includes the stages of needs analysis, system design, implementation, and system testing. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation studies at CV. Buana Jaya Sentosa. The results of this study are a sales management information system that has been implemented and is able to support an integrated sales process. The system developed includes product data management, sales transaction recording, automatic stock checking, and digital transaction document generation. Based on the system implementation results, transaction processes are faster, recording errors are minimized, and customer service lead times are optimized compared to the previous manual system.

PROTOTIPE MESIN SANTAN KELAPA BERBASIS PLC OUTSEAL

2026-03-10T08:34:36+00:00

This research aims to design and realize a prototype of a coconut milk machine based on Outseal PLC that integrates the grating and squeezing processes in one automatic system. The system uses Outseal Mega V.2 PLC as the main controller with Arduino Uno support for sensor reading. A load cell sensor is used to detect the weight of 1 kg of grated coconut as a parameter for the process transfer to the squeezing stage. The test results show that 1 kg of grated coconut produces approximately ½ liter (500 ml) of coconut milk. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the height of the coconut milk surface in the container, which is approximately 14.8 cm at a volume of 500 ml as the system's stop limit. The process of making coconut milk using the machine takes approximately 40 minutes, faster than the manual process which takes approximately 60 minutes. The results of the study indicate that the tool is able to increase time efficiency and reduce manual work processes in making coconut milk.

KOMUNIKASI MASSA DALAM PROGRAM NTV MORNING: RESPONS STASIUN TV NTV TERHADAP TANTANGAN KONVERGENSI MEDIA

2026-03-11T06:44:06+00:00

The transformation of digital technology has fundamentally changed the pattern of mass communication, from a one-way linear model to a two-way interactive model. This change requires broadcasters not only to convey information through television broadcasts but also to be able to adapt to the behavior of digital audiences who access information through various online platforms. In this context, Nusantara TV, through its NTV Morning program, faces the challenge of media convergence, which requires the integration of technology, content, and distribution strategies across channels. This study aims to analyze how the NTV Morning program responds to the challenges of media convergence through the implementation of a multiplatform production strategy. The study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation. The research informants consist of three key parties directly involved in the production of the NTV Morning program. The study found that the production process of the NTV Morning program takes place in three main stages: pre-production, production, and post-production, which are carried out simultaneously and collaboratively. This program implements the convergence of technology, content, and industry, and develops a distribution strategy based on an analysis of digital trends and audience preferences on television, YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, WhatsApp Channel, Facebook, and X (Twitter). NTV Morning not only upholds the principles of conventional journalism but also integrates one-way and two-way mass communication practices. This makes the program an adaptive news production model relevant to the digital media ecosystem.

Pengaruh Campuran Fly ash dan Variasi Kapur terhadap Daya Dukung Tanah Bekas Tambang di Gunung Sarik

2026-03-12T15:20:43+00:00

The limited availability of land suitable for development has encouraged the utilization of alternative land, one of which is ex-mining land. Soil in ex-mining areas generally has low bearing capacity and therefore does not meet the technical requirements for construction subgrade. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding fly ash and lime on increasing the bearing capacity of ex-mining soil in Gunung Sarik Village, Kuranji District, Padang City. The soil damples used were disturbed soils collected from the ex-mining area. Fly ash was obtained from the Teluk Sirih Steam Power Plant, West Sumatra, while quicklime was sourced from the Bukit Tui Factory, Pdang Panjang City. The research was conducted through laboratory testing including physical properties analysis, Proctor compaction test, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) laboratory testing based on ASTM D 1883-67 standards. The mixture variations consistes of 5% fly ash combined with 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% lime. The addition of fly ash and lime positively influenced the increase in soil bearing capacity. The CBR value of native soil, Which was 10,37%, increased across all mixture variations. The highest increase was achieved with the combination of 5% fly ash and 12% lime, reaching a CBR value of 19,16%, followed by the mixture of 5% fly ash and 8% lime at 14,43%, and 5% fly ash with 4% lime at 14,21%. These results indicate thet the addition of fly ash and lime is effective in increasing the bearing capacity of ex-mining soil through the stabilization process, making the soil feasible for consideration as construction subgrade.

Analisa Kekuatan Material dan Biaya Produksi FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) dengan Subtitusi Serat Rami Nanas

2026-03-28T12:05:18+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat mekanik dan estimasi biaya produksi material komposit berbasis Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) dengan menggantikan serat sintetis menggunakan serat rami nanas (Palf). Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode uji kekerasan Rockwell (HRM) serta uji impak Charpy sesuai standar ASTM. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, komposit dengan serat FRP menunjukkan kekerasan rata-rata sebesar 60,67 HRM dan nilai impak sebesar 0,481 J/mm², sedangkan komposit dengan serat rami nanas memiliki kekerasan rata-rata 50 HRM dan nilai impak 0,370 J/mm². Dari sisi biaya, pembuatan panel menggunakan serat rami nanas memerlukan biaya sekitar Rp83.850, lebih tinggi dibandingkan panel berbahan FRP yang hanya Rp62.700. Meskipun memiliki performa mekanik yang sedikit lebih rendah, serat rami nanas unggul dalam hal keberlanjutan, ramah lingkungan, serta pemanfaatan limbah pertanian. Oleh karena itu, serat ini berpotensi menjadi alternatif bahan komposit untuk aplikasi yang tidak membutuhkan kekuatan struktural tinggi.

Penerapan Perkalian Matriks dan Invers dalam Algoritma Hill Cipher untuk Pengamanan Pesan Teks

2026-03-29T12:39:02+00:00

The rapid development of digital communication technology has increased the need for effective and reliable data security systems. One classical cryptographic method that remains relevant for study is the Hill Cipher, which utilizes linear algebra concepts such as matrix multiplication and matrix inversion in the encryption and decryption processes. This study aims to implement these operations in securing text messages and to evaluate their security level. The research method used is descriptive analytical through literature review and manual calculation simulations of the Hill Cipher algorithm. The results show that the encryption process is performed by multiplying a key matrix with a plaintext vector in modular arithmetic, while the decryption process uses the inverse of the key matrix (Siahaan & Siahaan, 2018; Sujarwo, 2024). This approach allows encryption to be performed in blocks, thereby increasing complexity and reducing easily analyzable patterns compared to classical substitution methods (Acharya et al., 2009). However, the Hill Cipher has a fundamental weakness: it is vulnerable to unknown-plaintext attacks because the key matrix can be reconstructed if enough plaintext-ciphertext pairs are available (Jain & Arya, 2022). Furthermore, successful decryption heavily depends on the existence of the matrix inverse in a given modulus. Therefore, although the Hill Cipher is no longer suitable for modern security systems, this algorithm remains valuable as a learning medium for understanding the application of matrix concepts and modular arithmetic in cryptography. The implication of this research is that integrating mathematical concepts into cryptography can enhance students' conceptual understanding of linear algebra applications in the field of information technology.

Praktik Cash Waqf Linked Deposit di Wakaf Warrior dalam Tinjauan PP 42/2006 dan PERBWI 01/2020

2026-04-01T11:18:29+00:00

In the digital enocomy era, innovations in cash waqf management have grown rapidly, one of which is teh Cash Waqf Linked Deposit (CWLD) scheme. This scheme integrates cash waqf with Islamic bank deposits, where the returns are utilized for social programs and economic empowerment. One institution implementing CWLD is Wakaf Warrior, a productive waqf movement based on entrepreneurship and volunteerism. Although CWLD has great potential in supporting Islamic financial inclusion, its compliance with existing waqf regulation in Indonesia still requires examination. This study aims to analyze the conformity of CWLD practices in Wakaf Warrior with Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 and Indonesian Waqf Board Regulation Number 01 of 2020. The research employs a qualitative case study with a normative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that CWLD implementation in Wakaf Warrior complies with regulations in term of legal, institutional, and management aspects, through the agreement of three parties, separate account, security of principal funds, dispute resolution mechanisms, and transparent reporting.

Prototype Sistem Keamanan Rumah Berbasis Mikrokontroler Menggunakan Multi Sensor

2026-04-05T07:15:16+00:00

Current advances in knowledge and technology are driving people to think creatively. Similarly, the use of automation technology has advanced to the point where it can automate many daily activities. When automation is implemented on an ongoing basis, it can be leveraged to assist with routine tasks (Tullah et al., 2019). One of the most pressing applications of automation technology today is in the implementation of security systems. Security is essential everywhere and at all times—whether at home, at work, during daily activities, or while resting. One place that requires security is the home, which serves as a storage place for valuables; threats typically come from outside sources such as thieves and scammers (Apsari & Prapanca, 2018). This study aims to design and build a prototype of an IoT-based smart home security system using four different sensors, with the ESP32 serving as the system’s central processor, to effectively detect and respond to security threats. This system offers various benefits, such as enhanced security through accurate threat detection, rapid notifications regarding unwanted security incidents, improved well-being for residents, and the ability to monitor the home in real-time remotely via a smartphone app. The sensors used include a PIR sensor for motion detection, an MQ2 sensor for gas leak detection, an SW-420 sensor for earthquake vibration detection, and a GY-906 sensor for burning temperature detection. To enhance its mobility, the system is designed so that the overall performance of the sensors can be monitored using the Blynk app. This research consists of four stages: data collection, rapid prototyping, prototype design, and prototype testing.

Implementasi Fatwa MUI No. 71/2023 dalam Program Dana Bergulir

2026-04-05T08:27:33+00:00

The Revolving Fund Program aims to improve the community's economy through easy access to loans and has proven effective in increasing income. However, some people lack discipline in paying their obligations even though the government has provided payment facilities according to business conditions and financial capabilities. This study focuses on the practice of distributing zakat funds using the qardul hasan contract at Baznas Lebak, while also assessing its compliance with the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Fatwa Number 71 of 2023. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach through field research. A normative-empirical approach was chosen, namely examining the legal provisions in the MUI Fatwa normatively and analyzing its application empirically through observation and interviews. In this way, the study seeks to assess the extent to which the practice of zakat distribution in the form of revolving loans complies with sharia principles and the effectiveness of implementing the fatwa in improving community welfare.

SMART PARKING SYSTEM 2 SLOT BERBASIS ESP32

2026-04-06T03:15:25+00:00

The rapid growth of motor vehicles has increased the demand for efficient and automated parking management systems. This study aims to design and implement a two-slot smart parking system based on the ESP32 microcontroller to detect parking availability and control vehicle access automatically. The system utilizes HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors to detect vehicle presence and infrared sensors to validate vehicle movement at entry and exit gates. Servo motors are used to control the barrier gates, while LED indicators provide real-time parking status information. This research adopts an experimental approach including system design, hardware implementation, software development, and functional testing. The results show that the system successfully detects parking conditions, updates status in real-time, and controls vehicle access automatically with responsive and integrated performance. This system is effective as a prototype and has potential for further development into Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications.

PROTOTYPE SMART IOT SAFETY AND ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM BERBASIS ESP32 UNTUK MONITORING DAN PROTEKSI INSTALASI LISTRIK SECARA REAL-TIME

2026-04-07T00:41:47+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem monitoring dan proteksi instalasi listrik berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32. Sistem yang dikembangkan mengintegrasikan berbagai sensor kelistrikan dan lingkungan, meliputi tegangan, arus, daya aktif, suhu, kelembaban, konsentrasi gas, deteksi api, serta getaran sebagai indikator kondisi instalasi listrik secara menyeluruh. Data yang diperoleh dari sensor diproses secara lokal oleh ESP32 (edge processing) dan dikirimkan ke platform IoT melalui jaringan WiFi untuk pemantauan secara real-time serta pencatatan data historis. Mekanisme proteksi sistem dirancang menggunakan metode berbasis threshold, di mana setiap parameter dibandingkan dengan batas aman yang telah ditentukan. Ketika nilai parameter melebihi ambang batas, sistem secara otomatis mengaktifkan alarm berupa buzzer dan melakukan pemutusan beban melalui relay sebagai tindakan proteksi dini. Selain itu, sistem juga mampu memberikan informasi kondisi secara langsung melalui tampilan lokal maupun platform monitoring jarak jauh.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu melakukan monitoring multi-parameter secara kontinu dengan waktu respon yang cepat dalam mendeteksi kondisi abnormal. Sistem juga menunjukkan kinerja yang stabil dalam kondisi pengujian laboratorium dengan tingkat akurasi pengukuran yang baik dibandingkan alat ukur standar. Dengan demikian, sistem yang dirancang dapat meningkatkan aspek keselamatan, keandalan, serta efisiensi penggunaan energi pada instalasi listrik, serta berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut pada skala implementasi yang lebih luas.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING DAN PENGENDALIAN LINGKUNGAN RUANG KELAS BERBASIS IOT MENGGUNAKAN ESP32

2026-04-07T11:01:02+00:00

Classroom environmental conditions play an important role in supporting the comfort and effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. Parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and air quality directly affect students’ concentration, health, and productivity. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and control system for classroom environments using the ESP32 microcontroller. The proposed system integrates multiple sensors, including DHT22 for temperature and humidity, LDR for light intensity, and MQ-2 for air quality detection. Data collected from the sensors are processed by ESP32 and transmitted in real-time to an IoT platform for remote monitoring, while also displayed locally on an LCD. The system employs an ON–OFF control method to automatically regulate devices such as fans, lamps, exhaust fans, and humidifiers based on predefined threshold values. The results show that the system is capable of monitoring environmental parameters accurately and responding automatically to changes in real-time conditions. The integration of monitoring and control functions in a single IoT-based system provides an effective and efficient solution for improving classroom environmental quality. This system can be further developed as part of a smart classroom concept to enhance learning comfort and environmental management.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM SMART ATTENDANCE DAN MONITORING RUANGAN KELAS BERBASIS ESP32

2026-04-07T14:08:02+00:00

The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded systems has significantly transformed conventional manual systems into automated and integrated solutions. One of the critical applications is in attendance systems and environmental monitoring, which are still commonly implemented manually and prone to errors, data manipulation, and inefficiency. This study aims to design and implement a smart attendance system integrated with classroom environmental monitoring using the ESP32 microcontroller. The system utilizes an RFID RC522 module for user identification, a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity monitoring, a PIR sensor for motion detection, and an LDR sensor for light intensity measurement. The collected data are processed by the ESP32 and displayed in real-time through a 16×2 LCD interface, while actuators such as a DC fan, buzzer, and LED indicators respond automatically based on system conditions. The research methodology includes hardware and software design, system integration, and performance testing. A threshold-based control algorithm with hysteresis is implemented to ensure stable fan operation and avoid frequent switching. Experimental results indicate that the system successfully performs accurate RFID-based attendance recording, real-time environmental monitoring, and automatic fan control when the temperature exceeds the defined threshold. The integration of multiple sensors enhances system functionality and improves energy efficiency. Therefore, the proposed system can be considered a reliable prototype for smart classroom applications that combines attendance automation and environmental control in a single platform.

PROTOTYPE SISTEM KEAMANAN RUMAH BERBASIS MULTI-SENSOR DAN NOTIFIKASI SMS MENGGUNAKAN ESP32

2026-04-08T02:37:26+00:00

The rapid development of embedded systems technology has driven the advancement of more effective and autonomous home security systems, particularly in environments with limited internet access. Potential risks such as fire, gas leakage, and physical intrusion require an early detection system that can operate in real time and reliably. This study aims to design and implement a prototype of a home security system based on ESP32 using a multi-sensor approach and SMS-based notification. An experimental method was employed, including system design, hardware and software implementation, and performance testing. The proposed system integrates a PIR sensor for motion detection, an MQ-2 sensor for gas and smoke detection, a flame sensor for fire detection, and an SW-420 vibration sensor for physical disturbances, supported by a SIM800L GSM module for communication. The results show that the system is capable of detecting hazardous conditions in real time with good responsiveness, where the flame sensor has the fastest response time of approximately ±1 second, PIR and vibration sensors respond within ±1–2 seconds, and the MQ-2 sensor requires ±2–5 seconds depending on gas concentration. The system also successfully sends SMS notifications with an average delay of 5–10 seconds depending on network signal quality. Overall, the system demonstrates stable and effective performance, making it a reliable and cost-efficient embedded-based home security solution that does not depend on internet connectivity and is suitable for various environmental conditions.

PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE EKSPERIMEN PADA MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA KELAS XI MERDEKA SMAS PPM Al-IKHLASH LAMPOKO

2026-04-07T13:23:55+00:00

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the experimental method on the Discovery Learning model on the Science Process Skills of class XI Merdeka students of SMAS PPM Al-Ikhlash Lampoko. The method used is a quasi-experimental method with a posttest only control group design. The population consists of all class XI students who study chemistry at SMAS PPM Al-Iklash Lampoko which consists of two classes using the selected simple random sampling technique, class XI Merdeka 1 as the experimental group that learns using the experimental method on the Discovery learning model and class XI Merdeka 2 as the control group that learns using the Discovery learning model. Descriptive statistical analysis on the science process skills test obtained an average in the experimental class of 78.7 and a control class of 56.4. The results of the inferential statistical test obtained Uhitung = 48 and Ukritik value = 127. Because Uhitung ≤ Ukritik (48 <127) then H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. Based on the calculation results obtained, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the application of experimental methods in the discovery learning model on the science process skills of class XI Merdeka Students of SMAS PPM Al-Ikhlash Lampoko (Acid Base Material).

Siri’ Killing vis-à-vis Honor Killing: Menimbang Batas Universal dan Kekhasan Lokal Pembunuhan Demi Kehormatan

2026-04-07T02:26:09+00:00

The term honor killing has long been used in global scholarship to describe killings associated with the restoration of family or community honor. Although useful as a general category, the term does not always capture the full social meaning embedded in local experiences. This article examines the relationship between siri’ killing and honor killing by addressing two central questions: whether siri’ killing may be situated as a local form of honor killing, and to what extent it possesses conceptual features that are not fully covered by that global term. This study is a normative legal research employing conceptual and comparative approaches. The materials consist of primary legal sources, secondary legal materials, and relevant non-legal sources, all of which are analyzed qualitatively through library research. The study finds that siri’ killing may still be placed within the broader family of honor killing because both are grounded in the idea of family honor, the social spread of shame, and retaliatory violence understood as restoring dignity. At the same time, siri’ killing cannot be fully explained by the term honor killing because siri’ carries a more specific normative structure, particularly in relation to dignity, the distribution of shame, and the social responsibility to restore family reputation. This article argues that siri’ killing should be positioned as a local form that remains connected to honor killing while also correcting the overbreadth of that global concept. This distinction affects both criminological explanations of violence and criminal law’s effort to maintain a clear boundary between explaining social background and rejecting any justification for killing in the name of honor.

Desain Rancangan Pembangkit Tenaga Surya di Gedung Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan

2026-04-08T19:09:45+00:00

The rooftop of the University of Medan Construction building which has an area of 210 m2 can be used as a solar power plant (PLTS). Installing PLTS in buildings has several advantages, namely as a long-term energy investment and easy to integrate with the grid electrical system. PLTS is designed to save electricity consumption. In addition, if PLTS is connected to a battery, it can meet some of the energy needs at night. To design a PLTS installation in the Integrated Laboratory building, this research uses technical and economic analysis methods. Technical analysis is carried out to determine the capacity and number of PV mini-grid components required for installation. While the economic analysis aims to calculate the investment costs and the length of time for the return on investment compared to buildings without PV mini-grid installations. Based on this research, the results show that the amount of energy required for the Integrated Laboratory building is 482.148 kWh, while the planned PLTS is able to provide energy of 216,128 kWh. The PLTS design requires an initial investment of Rp. 927,700,894,-. So by using the Payback Period (PP) method, it can be concluded that the planned design is feasible, because the comparison of the cost of return on investment is 9.13 years faster than the project age that has been determined previously, which is 20 years.

Perancangan dan Evaluasi Lengan Robot 4-DOF Berbasis ESP32 Dengan Kendali Manual Menggunakan Aplikasi Bluetooth Android

2026-04-09T01:06:52+00:00

The development of robotics and embedded systems has increased the need for accessible learning media to support the understanding of basic control concepts. However, industrial robotic systems are generally expensive and complex, making them less suitable for introductory learning. This study aims to design and evaluate a 4-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) robotic arm based on ESP32 as a learning medium for basic control systems. The research method includes hardware and software system design, implementation of a Bluetooth-based control system using an Android gamepad interface, and experimental testing. The system applies an incremental control method combined with a Degree of Freedom mechanism to regulate actuator movement gradually. The evaluation covers control mapping accuracy, system responsiveness, angle constraints, startup stability, serial monitoring, and response consistency. The results show that the system successfully executes all control commands with accurate input-output mapping and stable performance. The system maintains actuator movement within safe angle limits and operates without disturbance during startup. In addition, the serial monitoring feature enables real-time visualization of the control process. The findings indicate that the developed system is suitable as a low-cost educational platform for learning basic robotic control concepts due to its simplicity, intuitiveness, and ease of implementation.

Rancang Bangun Smart Home Security System Berbasis ESP32 dengan Multi-Sensor dan LCD I2C

2026-04-09T02:59:29+00:00

Home security is increasingly important due to risks such as theft, fire, and gas leakage. Conventional systems often lack real-time monitoring and automatic response. This study aims to design a smart home security system based on the ESP32 microcontroller using multiple sensors and an LCD I2C display. The system integrates a PIR sensor for motion detection, a magnetic door switch for door status, an MQ-2 sensor for gas detection, and a flame sensor for fire detection. A buzzer is used as an alarm, while a 16x2 LCD provides real-time system information. The method includes system design, hardware assembly, programming, and functional testing. The results show that the system can detect various hazards and provide immediate alerts through sound and display. This indicates that a low-cost, integrated security system can be effectively implemented for residential safety.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING ENERGI LISTRIK BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS ( IOT )

2026-04-09T06:01:10+00:00

Penggunaan tenaga elektrik yang semakin meningkat memerlukan sistem pemantauan yang lebih cekap daripada sekadar bil bulanan. Kajian ini membincangkan reka bentuk sistem pemantauan tenaga elektrik berasaskan Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32. Sistem ini mengintegrasikan sensor PZEM-004T untuk parameter elektrik, ACS712 untuk arus tambahan, MQ-2 untuk pengesan gas, dan NTC/LM35 untuk suhu pemasangan. Data dipaparkan secara masa nyata melalui LCD 16x2 dan papan pemuka IoT. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sistem ini mampu membantu pengguna memahami corak penggunaan tenaga dan meningkatkan keselamatan elektrik melalui pemantauan suhu dan gas secara berterusan.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PEMANTAU KUALITAS UDARA REAL TIME BERBASIS ESP32 DAN INTERNET OF THINKS

2026-04-09T08:52:09+00:00

Polusi udara merupakan ancaman serius bagi kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya di kawasan perkotaan dan industri di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun sistem pemantauan kualitas udara secara real time berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32 yang terintegrasi dengan platform Blynk IoT. Sistem menggunakan sensor MQ-135 untuk mendeteksi konsentrasi gas polutan, serta sensor DHT11 dan DHT22 untuk mengukur suhu dan kelembaban udara. Untuk meningkatkan akurasi data suhu dan kelembaban, diterapkan algoritma sensor fusion berbasis pembobotan, di mana DHT22 diberi bobot 70% dan DHT11 sebesar 30%. Data hasil pengukuran ditampilkan secara lokal melalui LCD I2C 16x2 dan dikirimkan ke dashboard Blynk IoT melalui koneksi Wi-Fi untuk pemantauan jarak jauh. Sistem juga dilengkapi indikator LED tricolor dan buzzer aktif sebagai peringatan visual dan audio berdasarkan tiga kategori kualitas udara: BAIK (ADC < 1000), SEDANG (ADC 1000–2499), dan BURUK (ADC ≥ 2500). Pengujian dilakukan di empat lokasi berbeda, yaitu ruang terbuka, ruang kelas ber-AC, kamar mandi tertutup, dan dapur saat aktif memasak, dengan hasil nilai ADC masing-masing 487 (BAIK), 612 (BAIK), 1.876 (SEDANG), dan 2.784 (BURUK). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berhasil mendeteksi dan mengklasifikasikan kualitas udara secara akurat, dengan data terkirim ke Blynk Cloud setiap 5 detik dan packet loss hanya 1,2%. Sistem ini terbukti menjadi solusi pemantauan kualitas udara yang akurat, terjangkau, dan andal berbasis IoT.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM ELEVATOR MINI BERBASIS DUAL ARDUINO DENGAN KOMUNIKASI I2C

2026-04-09T10:53:58+00:00

This study is motivated by the limitations of systems that can represent the working principles of elevators in a practical and applicative manner within the field of control systems. The purpose of this research is to design and develop a mini elevator prototype based on two Arduino Uno microcontrollers communicating via the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol. The method used is experimental research with a system engineering approach, including system design, assembly, programming, and testing stages. The proposed system consists of a master Arduino as the main controller and a slave Arduino for controlling the automatic door system and sensors. The main components include a DC motor as the driving system, limit switches as position sensors, an ultrasonic sensor for safety detection, and a servo motor for the automatic door mechanism. The test results show that the system is capable of responding quickly to button inputs, accurately stopping the motor based on limit switch signals, and operating the automatic door system effectively. Furthermore, I2C communication between the two microcontrollers runs stably and in real-time. Therefore, the proposed prototype successfully implements a closed-loop control system and can serve as a reference for the development of microcontroller-based control systems.

ANALISIS KINERJA SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM DITINJAU DARI KAPASITAS INTAKE, KEBUTUHAN AIR PELANGGAN, DAN EFISIENSI DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH

2026-04-09T03:22:54+00:00

An evaluation of the drinking water supply system is necessary to ensure the fulfillment of community water needs and the operational sustainability of clean water services. This study examines the performance of the clean water distribution system of the Lalan Branch through an analysis of intake capacity, customer water demand, and distribution efficiency using operational data from August 2025. The actual intake capacity was recorded at 12,816 m³/month, with a maximum potential of 19,224 m³/month. Water distribution amounted to 9,468 m³/month, while measured customer consumption was 9,105 m³/month. Based on SNI standards, customer demand is 6,264.48 m³/month. The difference between production and distribution results in an NRW value of 26.1% (3,348 m³/month), influenced by the backwash process and technical network losses. The findings indicate that intake capacity is sufficient to meet customer demand, but distribution efficiency still needs to be improved.

Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Smart Waste Bin Berbasis ESP32 dengan Integrasi Multi-Sensor

2026-04-09T15:42:02+00:00

The increasing volume of waste has become a serious problem, as conventional waste management systems are still inefficient. This study aims to design a smart waste bin based on ESP32 with multi-sensor integration to improve efficiency.The system uses ultrasonic, infrared, MQ-2, and DHT11 sensors, with a servo as the actuator and a buzzer as an indicator. The results show that the system works well, is responsive, and improves waste condition monitoring.This system provides a practical solution to support environmental cleanliness.

Perancangan Miniatur Smart Greenhouse untuk Sistem Penyiraman dan Monitoring Tanaman Secara Otomatis

2026-04-10T01:27:33+00:00

The advancement of technology in the agricultural sector has spurred the implementation of automation systems to optimize efficiency and productivity through the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. This study aims to design and implement an integrated ESP32 microcontroller-based Smart Greenhouse system for real-time monitoring and control of environmental parameters. The system architecture integrates a series of sensors including soil moisture, temperature, light intensity, and motion sensors, supported by an LCD as a local interface and the Blynk application for remote monitoring. The methodology used is an experimental system engineering design approach that includes the design, implementation, and performance testing phases. The test results show that the system is capable of accurately acquiring environmental data and disseminating information synchronously through local and cloud platforms. In addition, the automatic control mechanism is proven effective in activating water pump actuators based on fluctuations in soil moisture parameters with a short response time. These findings confirm that the implementation of an IoT-based Smart Greenhouse system can improve the efficiency of crop management through watering automation and remote monitoring. This research has the potential to be developed on an industrial scale with optimization of sensor precision and network connectivity stability.

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI KENAIKAN AIR SUNGAI DAN POTENSI LONGSOR BERBASIS IOT

2026-04-11T01:42:31+00:00

This study aims to design and implement a prototype of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based early warning system for river water level rise and landslide potential. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller integrated with multiple environmental sensors, including an ultrasonic sensor for water level measurement, a soil moisture sensor, a vibration sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor. The research method used is experimental, involving system design, hardware implementation, software development, and functional testing. The system is capable of monitoring environmental parameters in real-time and classifying conditions into three levels: safe, alert, and danger. The results show that the system successfully detects changes in environmental conditions and provides warnings through visual indicators, audio alarms, and IoT-based notifications. The multi-parameter approach improves the accuracy and reliability of the system in identifying potential flood and landslide risks. This prototype demonstrates effective performance and has the potential to be further developed into a real-world disaster mitigation system.

DESAIN PRODUK SISTEM MONITORING KUALITAS AIR KOLAM IKAN LELE BERBASIS SENSOR DAN MIKROKONTROLER

2026-04-11T02:42:13+00:00

Water quality is a critical factor influencing the success of catfish farming, as parameters such as temperature, pH, and visual water conditions directly affect fish growth and survival. Conventional monitoring methods are generally performed manually, resulting in limited accuracy and delayed responses to environmental changes. This study aims to design and implement a real-time water quality monitoring system based on Arduino Uno integrated with multiple sensors, including DS18B20 for temperature, a pH sensor for acidity, TCS3200 for water color detection, and a water level sensor. The system was developed using a prototyping approach, involving hardware integration and software programming using Arduino IDE. Experimental testing was conducted using clean tap water and polluted river water containing algae to evaluate system performance. The results indicate that the system is capable of accurately detecting variations in water quality parameters. Temperature and pH readings successfully distinguished between optimal and non-optimal conditions, while the TCS3200 color sensor effectively identified changes in water color based on RGB values, providing more detailed information compared to conventional turbidity-based methods. The system also provides real-time visual output through an LCD and early warning alerts via LED and buzzer when water conditions exceed normal thresholds. The findings suggest that the proposed system offers a practical and effective solution for monitoring water quality in catfish farming, with potential implications for improving productivity and enabling more responsive environmental management.

DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM BANTU BLIND SPOT MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK, PIR, LDR, DAN IMU PADA KENDARAAN BERAT

2026-04-11T03:39:19+00:00

Accidents involving large vehicles such as trucks are often caused by blind spots that restrict the driver’s view. This research aims to develop a mictocontroller-based blind spot detection system capable of detecting objects, distinguishing between humans and inanimate objects, and adjusting detection system capable of detecting objects, distinguishing between humans and inanimate objects, and adjusting detection sensitivity according to environmental conditions. This system uses an Arduino Uno as the main controller, integrated with two ultrasonic sensors to detect the distance of objects in front and behind the vehicle. The Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor detects the presence of humans based on body heat radiation, while the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor sets the detection threshold to 30 cm in bright conditions and 50 cm in dark conditions. The Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor makes the system active only when the vehicle is moving, thus saving power. The results show that the system detects objects with high accuracy within the specified distance range, correctly distinguishes humans, and responds well to changes in light and vehicle movement. This system is expected to be an effective solution to improve driving safety in large vehicles through early warning in blind spot areas.

Peningkatan Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Melalui Sosialisasi dan Praktik Aquadalon Lele dan Kangkung di Desa Kemujan, Kecamatan Adimulyo, Kabupaten Kebumen

2026-04-12T15:07:29+00:00

Limited yard space and the increasing demand for household food are challenges in strengthening family food security in Kemujan Village. This Community Service Program (KKN) aims to optimize the utilization of narrow land through the Aquadalon (Aquaponics in a Gallon) innovation, an integrated cultivation system of catfish (Clarias sp.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) using modified recycled gallon containers. The implementation method used a participatory approach through stages of socialization, installation training, hands-on practice, and maintenance assistance for heads of households as the target audience. A total of 30 Aquadalon units were created and implemented as pilot projects. Program evaluation was conducted descriptively through observations of participation levels, installation assembly skills, and the success of fish and plant maintenance. The results showed high enthusiasm among participants, an independent ability to assemble the system, and healthy growth of both water spinach and catfish at the household scale. The Aquadalon system proved to be water-efficient, utilized fish metabolic waste as plant nutrients, and was relatively low-cost. This program has the potential to become a simple, economical, and easily replicable model of appropriate technology to support family food independence in areas with land limitations.

PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI SLOW STROKE BACK MASSAGE DAN FOOT MASSAGE TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DI DESA MEDAN ESTATE

2026-04-13T17:09:26+00:00

Background: According to the WHO (2016), the elderly are defined as individuals aged 60 years and older. Among the many health conditions affecting the elderly, hypertension is responsible for the deaths of 17.9 million people worldwide each year; this figure accounts for over 31% of all deaths and is also one of the most common health issues affecting the elderly today. Hypertension is a condition characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg; at least two blood pressure measurements under different conditions are required to determine the presence or absence of hypertension. Research Objective: To determine the comparative effectiveness of slow stroke back massage (SSBM) and foot massage in reducing blood pressure among the elderly in Medan Estate Village, Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. Research Method: This study employs a quantitative research design, specifically an experimental study using a quasi-experimental approach. The research design utilized is a pretest-posttest with a control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 24 respondents, with 12 respondents in each group. SSBM and foot massage therapy were administered for 2–3 consecutive days, each session lasting 10 minutes. Conclusion: Data analysis in this study utilized the Paired Sample t-test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test with α ≤ 0.05. The results of this study, using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, indicate that there is a significant effect of SSBM therapy and foot massage on blood pressure reduction in the elderly, with a p-value of 0.020.

KAJIAN YURIDIS NORMATIF ATAS PRAKTIK PENETAPAN PORSI AMIL DI BAZNAS RI

2026-04-14T09:59:46+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik alokasi bagian amil di BAZNAS RI dan kesesuaiannya dengan Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011, Fatwa MUI Nomor 8 Tahun 2011, serta PERBAZNAS Nomor 1 Tahun 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif, melalui studi kasus di BAZNAS RI. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari wawancara dengan Kepala bagian Arsip dan PPID BAZNAS RI, sedangkan sumber data sekunder meliputi jurnal, skripsi, tesis, disertasi, serta dokumen hukum terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik alokasi bagian amil di BAZNAS RI telah menunjukkan komitmen profesional dan akuntabel, serta relevan dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, baik dari segi undang-undang, fatwa MUI, maupun PERBAZNAS.

HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II DI PUSKESMAS SENTOSA BARU MEDAN

2026-04-13T17:26:05+00:00

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the diseases that is a major challenge in the health sector, often termed as a Silent Killer. is a metabolic disorder in the body due to various factors, including chronic hyperglycemia and disorders of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Physical activity plays a role in overcoming complications, as well as overcoming blood lipid disorders and preventing increased blood pressure. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at the Sentosa Baru Community Health Center in Medan. Method: This study was conducted quantitatively with a correlation design using the Spearman's test. where the goal is to identify the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: the results of the analysis of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at the Sentosa Baru Community Health Center with a p-value = 0.000 (<0.05), this indicates that the higher the physical activity, the better the blood pressure. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at the Sentosa Baru Community Health Center. Therefore, it is important for patients with type II diabetes to engage in physical activity, at least moderate activity, to maintain stable blood pressure.

PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS SENAM AEROBIK DAN SENAM YOGA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DI DESA MEDAN ESTATE

2026-04-14T02:10:35+00:00

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an elderly person is someone who has reached the age of 60 years and above. Among the many diseases that occur among the elderly, hypertension is the cause of death of 17.9 million people in the world every year, where this number covers +31% of all deaths. Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease or blood pressure that increases beyond normal values. Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or 90 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. Purpose of the study: to analyze the differences in the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and yoga exercise on reducing blood pressure in the elderly in the Medan Estate village. Type of method: the research used in this study is quantitative research, namely experimental research with a Quasy Experimental approach. Using the two-group pre-test and post-test design method. The sampling technique used is total sampling. The number of respondents consisted of 40 people. The exercise was given for 20 minutes per day. Conclusion: The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test analysis yielded a Z-value of -2.224 with a significance value (Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.025. The significance value of 0.025 is less than 0.05 (p < 0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between blood pressure after aerobic exercise intervention and blood pressure after yoga exercise intervention in the elderly in Medan Estate Village.

EVALUASI MENU ENGINEERING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFIT PENJUALAN MAKANAN D’COFFEE CUP WIYUNG

2026-04-14T23:33:44+00:00

This study aims to evaluate the profitability and popularity of food menus, specifically the rice bowl category, at D'Coffee Cup Wiyung using the Menu Engineering method. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach, analyzing sales data from July 2025, which included the contribution margin (CM) and sales volume of 15 menu items. The analysis results classified the menus into four quadrants: Stars, Plowhorses, Puzzles, and Dogs. The findings revealed that no menu was classified as a Star. A total of 4 menus (26.7%) were categorized as Plowhorses (popular but low profit), 7 menus (46.7%) as Puzzles (high profit but unpopular), and 4 menus (26.7%) as Dogs (unpopular and unprofitable). Based on this classification, distinct development strategies were formulated for each category, such as price review, targeted promotion, menu modification, and elimination. The study concludes that the application of menu engineering is effective as a data-driven analysis tool for increasing profitability through more directed managerial decision-making and portfolio optimization.

Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Celah Hukum (Loophole) dalam Regulasi Penanaman Modal di Indonesia

2026-04-16T23:48:53+00:00

This research aims to identify the forms, characteristics, and legal implications of legal loopholes in Indonesia's investment regulations following the enactment of the Job Creation Law. The research method employed is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that loopholes arise from norm ambiguity, the use of overly general phrasing, and inconsistencies between laws and sectoral implementing regulations. Practices such as nominee agreements and corporate structural engineering serve as tools for business actors to substantively exceed foreign capital limits, even while appearing formally compliant. The existence of these loopholes results in weakened legal certainty and ineffective economic oversight. Therefore, systematic regulatory synchronization between the Investment Law, BKPM regulations, and the risk-based OSS system is required to close these gaps and achieve legal certainty, efficiency, and protection.