Rekonstruksi Maqashid Syariah sebagai Kerangka Kebijakan Ekonomi Pembangunan: Studi Literatur Komparatif antara Pendekatan Neo-Klasik dan Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jaem.v2i2.4861Keywords:
Maqashid Syariah, Ekonomi Pembangunan, Neo-Klasik, Ekonomi Islam, Kebijakan EkonomiAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji rekonstruksi Maqashid Syariah sebagai kerangka alternatif kebijakan ekonomi pembangunan melalui studi komparatif antara pendekatan Neo-Klasik dan Islam. Menggunakan metodologi systematic literature review terhadap 78 literatur yang dipublikasikan pada jurnal terindeks Scopus dan Sinta (1-2) tahun 2010-2024, penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan fundamental antara paradigma pembangunan Neo-Klasik yang berfokus pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dan maksimalisasi utilitas dengan paradigma pembangunan Islam yang berorientasi pada Maqashid Syariah. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi lima dimensi kunci Maqashid Syariah yang dapat direkonstruksi sebagai kerangka kebijakan pembangunan: (1) perlindungan agama (hifz al-din) melalui pembangunan berbasis nilai dan etika; (2) perlindungan jiwa (hifz al-nafs) melalui kebijakan pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar dan kesejahteraan holistik; (3) perlindungan akal (hifz al-'aql) melalui pengembangan pendidikan dan inovasi berbasis pengetahuan; (4) perlindungan keturunan (hifz al-nasl) melalui kebijakan pembangunan berkelanjutan dan intergenerasional; dan (5) perlindungan harta (hifz al-mal) melalui sistem ekonomi berkeadilan dan inklusif. Kontribusi teoretis penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan kerangka multidimensional Maqashid-based Development Index (MDI) yang mengintegrasikan indikator kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk mengukur pembangunan ekonomi yang selaras dengan tujuan syariah. Implikasi praktisnya meliputi rekomendasi reorientasi kebijakan pembangunan dari fokus pertumbuhan semata menuju keseimbangan material-spiritual yang lebih holistik dan berkelanjutan.
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